習

Han character edit

習 (Kangxi radical 124, 羽+5, 11 strokes, cangjie input 尸一竹日 (SMHA), four-corner 1760₂, composition ⿱羽白)

Derived characters edit

• 㗩 嶍 慴 摺 槢 漝 熠 磖 䌌 䐲 䒁 褶 謵 騽 鰼 㦻 飁 㿇 㠄 霫
• 𡏽 𪦞 𢄭 𤗨 𤛊 𦗗 𦧱 𧐔 𨄌 𨫧 𨻸 𦒉 𨻿 𣯥 𩘴 𣤊 𣯮 𦒆 𧢇 𩀦 𪄶 𥱵 𦸚
• 𮊙 𮤡

References edit

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 956, character 23
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 28672
• Dae Jaweon: page 1402, character 3
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3345, character 1
• Unihan data for U+7FD2

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character 習
Shang	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 羽 (“wings”) + 日 (“sun”) – to learn to fly, to practice flying.

In the current form, 日 (rì, “sun”) has changed to 白 (bái, “white”), so the present form is 羽 (“wings”) + 白 (“white”).

Alternatively, the original form may have been a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ljub) : phonetic 彗 (OC *sɢʷeds, *ɢʷeds, *sɢʷids) + semantic 日 (“sun”).

Etymology edit

Two general semantic fields are found in the senses: "to flap the wings; to flutter" and "to practice". They are generally considered to be the same word, with the link being "to repeatedly flap the wings (in order to learn to fly)", a sense attested in Liji.

Area word:

• Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-lwap (“to learn”): Tibetan སློབ (slob, “to learn”), སློབས (slobs, “exercise; training”); Mizo tlip (“to repeat; to do again; to perfect”),
• Mon-Khmer: Khmer ធ្លាប់ (thlŏəp, “to become accustomed to; to have the habit of; marker of continuous action in the past”); Proto-Mon *le̤p ("to know how to, be skilled in") > Mon လေပ် (lèp, “to be versed in”).

Pronunciation edit

Definitions edit

習

1. (obsolete) to flap (the wings); to flutter; to repeatedly flap the wings
2. to practice; to exercise; to review

   練習／练习  ―  liànxí  ―  to practice

   • 學而時習之，不亦說乎？ [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     学而时习之，不亦说乎？ [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, Dictionary translation

     Xué ér shí xí zhī, bùyì yuè hū? [Pinyin]

     Is it not a pleasure to learn and practice frequently what one has learned?

3. to study; to learn

   習武／习武  ―  xíwǔ  ―  to learn martial arts

   自習／自习  ―  zìxí  ―  to study by oneself

4. to become familiar with; to be used to

   習以為常／习以为常  ―  xíyǐwéicháng  ―  to be used to something

   不習水性／不习水性  ―  bùxíshuǐxìng  ―  to not know how to swim

5. habit; custom

   習慣／习惯  ―  xíguàn  ―  habit; custom

   陋習／陋习  ―  lòuxí  ―  bad habit

6. (literary, obsolete) trusted follower
7. often; frequently

   習見／习见  ―  xíjiàn  ―  to frequently see (something)

8. a surname

   習近平／习近平  ―  Xí Jìnpíng  ―  Xi Jinping, General Secretary of the Communist Party of China

Compounds edit

Descendants edit

Others:

• → English: Hsi, Xi

References edit

• Ding, Fubao (丁福保) (1922), “習” in 佛學大辭典 [A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms].
• “習”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[2], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Shinjitai	習
Kyūjitai [1]	習󠄁 習+󠄁? (Adobe-Japan1)
	習󠄃 習+󠄃? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details.

Kanji edit

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. learn

Readings edit

• Go-on: じゅう (jū)^{←じふ (zifu, historical)}
• Kan-on: しゅう (shū, Jōyō)^{←しふ (sifu, historical)}
• Kun: ならう (narau, 習う, Jōyō); ならい (narai, 習い)
• Nanori: しげ (shige)

Compounds edit

• 練(れん)習(しゅう) (renshū): practice
• 慣(かん)習(しゅう) (kanshū): common practice
• 習(しゅう)慣(かん) (shūkan): custom, habit
• 自(じ)習(しゅう) (jishū): self-study

References edit

Etymology edit

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation edit

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [sʰɯp̚]
• Phonetic hangul: [습]

Hanja edit

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

習

Wikisource

習 (eumhun 익힐 습 (ikhil seup))

1. Hanja form^? of 습 (“practice”).

Han character edit

習: Hán Nôm readings: tập, chập, dập, giặp, tấp, xập, sập

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.