演

Translingual edit

Stroke order

Han character edit

演 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 水十一金 (EJMC) or 難水十一金 (XEJMC), four-corner 3318₆, composition ⿰氵寅)

References edit

Kangxi Dictionary: page 645, character 23
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18130
Dae Jaweon: page 1054, character 13
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1730, character 3
Unihan data for U+6F14

Chinese edit

simp. and trad.		演
2nd round simp.		𰛑
alternative forms		𤀋

Glyph origin edit

Characters in the same phonetic series (寅) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
寅	lil, lin
蔩	lil, lenʔ, *lin
鏔	lil, li
演	*lenʔ
縯	lenʔ, linʔ
戭	lenʔ, linʔ
夤	*lin
螾	lin, linʔ
濥	linʔ, lins
瞚	*hljuns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lenʔ) : semantic 氵 + phonetic 寅 (OC *lil, *lin).

Etymology edit

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): yǎn (yan³)
(Zhuyin): ㄧㄢˇ
(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): yan³
(Dungan, Cyrillic and Dictionary): ян (i͡an, II)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): jin², jin⁵
(Taishan, Dictionary): yen²
Gan (Dictionary): ien³
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): yên / yân
(Meixian, Guangdong): yan³
Jin (Dictionary): ie²
Northern Min (KCR): ěng
Eastern Min (BUC): iēng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): ián / én
(Teochew, Peng'im): ing⁵ / êng⁵ / iang⁵
(Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): yieng²
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁵i
Xiang (Changsha, Dictionary): ienn³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yǎn
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yǎn
  - Wade–Giles: yen³
  - Yale: yǎn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yean
  - Palladius: янь (janʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɛn²¹⁴/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: yan³
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ian
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /iɛn⁵³/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Dictionary: ян (i͡an, II)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /iæ̃⁵¹/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: jin², jin⁵
  - Yale: yín, yíhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jin², jin⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: yin², yin⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiːn³⁵/, /jiːn¹³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Dictionary: yen²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jen⁵⁵/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Dictionary: ien³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /iɛn²¹³/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yên
  - Hakka Romanization System: ien´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yan¹
  - Sinological IPA: /i̯en²⁴/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yân
  - Hakka Romanization System: (r)ian´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yan¹
  - Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯an²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: yan³
  - Sinological IPA: /ian³¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Dictionary: ie²
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /ie⁵³/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ěng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /eiŋ²¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: iēng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ieŋ³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an, Yongchun, Changtai, Zhangpu, General Taiwanese, Klang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ián
  - Tâi-lô: ián
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iern
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Yongchun, Changtai, Zhangpu, Taipei, Klang): /iɛn⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɛn⁴¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an): /iɛn⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: Hui'an)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: én
  - Tâi-lô: én
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ean
  - IPA (Hui'an): /en⁵⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ing⁵ / êng⁵ / iang⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: îng / êng / iâng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /iŋ⁵⁵/, /eŋ⁵⁵/, /iaŋ⁵⁵/

Note:

ing5 - Chaozhou, Shantou;
êng5 - Jieyang.

(Leizhou)
- Leizhou Pinyin: yieng²
- Sinological IPA: /zieŋ³¹/

Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁵i
  - MiniDict: i^去
  - Dictionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²i
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /i³⁴/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Dictionary: ienn³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /i̯ẽ⁴¹/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 演
Mandarin	Beijing	/ian²¹⁴/
	Harbin	/ian²¹³/
	Tianjin	/ian¹³/
	Jinan	/iã⁵⁵/
	Qingdao	/iã⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/ian⁵³/
	Xi'an	/iã⁵³/
	Xining	/iã⁵³/
	Yinchuan	/ian⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/iɛ̃n⁴⁴²/
	Ürümqi	/ian⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/iɛn⁴²/
	Chengdu	/ian⁵³/
	Guiyang	/ian⁴²/
	Kunming	/iɛ̃⁵³/
	Nanjing	/ien²¹²/
	Hefei	/iĩ²⁴/
Jin	Taiyuan	/ie⁵³/
	Pingyao	/ie̞⁵³/
	Hohhot	/ie⁵³/
Wu	Shanghai	/i³⁵/
	Suzhou	/iɪ⁵¹/
	Hangzhou	/ʔiẽ̞⁵³/
	Wenzhou	/ji³⁵/
Hui	Shexian	/ie³⁵/
Hui	Tunxi	/iɛ³¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/iẽ⁴¹/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/iẽ⁴²/
Gan	Nanchang	/iɛn²¹³/
Hakka	Meixian	/ian⁴⁴/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/ʒen²⁴/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/jin³⁵/
	Nanning	/jim³⁵/
	Hong Kong	/jin³⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/ian⁵³/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/ieŋ³²/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/eiŋ²¹/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/iŋ⁵⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/zin³¹/

Middle Chinese: yenX

Rime
Character	演
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	仙 (77)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	以淺切
Baxter	yenX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jiᴇn^X/
Pan Wuyun	/jiɛn^X/
Shao Rongfen	/jæn^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/jian^X/
Li Rong	/iɛn^X/
Wang Li	/jĭɛn^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/i̯ɛn^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yǎn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jin⁵

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*N-q(r)anʔ/
(Zhengzhang): /*lenʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	演
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yǎn
Middle Chinese	‹ yen^X ›
Old Chinese	/*N-q(r)anʔ/
English	flow out, extend
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	演
Reading #	1/1
No.	15277
Phonetic component	寅
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	演
Old Chinese	/*lenʔ/

Definitions edit

演

to develop; to evolve
演變／演变 ― yǎnbiàn ― to develop
演化 ― yǎnhuà ― to evolve
to deduce
推演 ― tuīyǎn ― deduce
演算 ― yǎnsuàn ― to perform mathematical calculations
to perform; to act; to put on
表演 ― biǎoyǎn ― to perform
演員／演员 ― yǎnyuán ― performer
to drill; to practice; to exercise
演練／演练 ― yǎnliàn ― to drill
演習／演习 ― yǎnxí ― to do field practice
a surname: Yan