械

Translingual edit

Han character edit

械 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+7, 11 strokes, cangjie input 木戈廿 (DIT), four-corner 4395₀, composition ⿰木戒)

References edit

Kangxi Dictionary: page 531, character 3
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14882
Dae Jaweon: page 919, character 4
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1209, character 6
Unihan data for U+68B0

Chinese edit

simp. and trad.		械

Glyph origin edit

Characters in the same phonetic series (戒) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
祴	*kɯː
駴	*ɡrɯːʔ
戒	*krɯːɡs
誡	*krɯːɡs
悈	krɯːɡs, kɯɡ
械	*ɡrɯːɡs
裓	*kɯːɡ

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xiè (xie⁴)
(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄝˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): haai⁶
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hāi / hâi

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xiè
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄝˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: siè
  - Wade–Giles: hsieh⁴
  - Yale: syè
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shieh
  - Palladius: се (se)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: haai⁶
  - Yale: haaih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: haai⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: hai⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /haːi̯²²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hāi / hâi
  - Tâi-lô: hāi / hâi
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hai, haai
  - IPA (Xiamen): /hai²²/, /hai²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hai⁴¹/, /hai²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /hai²²/, /hai¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /hai³³/, /hai²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hai³³/, /hai²³/

Note:

hāi - literary;
hâi - vernacular (俗).

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 械
Mandarin	Beijing	/ɕiɛ⁵¹/ /t͡ɕiɛ⁵¹/
	Harbin	/t͡ɕiɛ⁵³/
	Tianjin	/ɕie⁵³/
	Jinan	/ɕiɛ²¹/
	Qingdao	/ɕiɛ⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/t͡ɕiɛ³¹²/
	Xi'an	/t͡ɕiɛ⁴⁴/
	Xining	/t͡ɕi²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/t͡ɕie¹³/
	Lanzhou	/t͡ɕiə¹³/ /t͡sɛ¹³/ /kɛ¹³/
	Ürümqi	/t͡ɕiɤ²¹³/
	Wuhan	/kai³⁵/
	Chengdu	/t͡ɕiai¹³/ /kai¹³/
	Guiyang	/t͡ɕie²¹³/ 新 /kai²¹³/ 老
	Kunming	/kæ²¹²/
	Nanjing	/t͡ɕiɛ⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/t͡ɕie̞⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡ɕie⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/t͡ɕie̞³⁵/
	Hohhot	/t͡ɕie⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/ɦie²³/
	Suzhou	/ɦiɪ³¹/
	Hangzhou	/ɦie̞¹³/
	Wenzhou	/ɦa²²/
Hui	Shexian	/ka³²⁴/
Hui	Tunxi	/ka⁴²/
Xiang	Changsha	/kai⁵⁵/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/kai⁵⁵/
Gan	Nanchang
Hakka	Meixian	/hai⁵³/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/hɑi³¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/hai²²/
	Nanning	/hai²²/
	Hong Kong	/hai²²/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/hai²²/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/hɑi²⁴²/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/xai⁴⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/hai³⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/kai³⁵/

Middle Chinese: heajH

Rime
Character	械
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	皆 (33)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	胡介切
Baxter	heajH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦˠɛi^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦᵚæi^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣɐi^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦəɨj^H/
Li Rong	/ɣɛi^H/
Wang Li	/ɣɐi^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣăi^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xiè
Expected Cantonese Reflex	haai⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[m-k]ˤrək-s/
(Zhengzhang): /*ɡrɯːɡs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	械
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xiè
Middle Chinese	‹ hɛj^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[m-k]ˁrək-s/
English	fetters; weapon
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	械
Reading #	1/1
No.	6547
Phonetic component	戒
Rime group	代
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	械
Old Chinese	/*ɡrɯːɡs/

Definitions edit

械

Compounds edit

兵械
刀杖器械
刀械
器械 (qìxiè)
器械體操／器械体操
械彈／械弹
械用
械繫／械系
械鬥／械斗 (xièdòu)
棄械／弃械 (qìxiè)
槍械／枪械 (qiāngxiè)
機械／机械 (jīxiè)
機械化／机械化 (jīxièhuà)
機械工業／机械工业
機械手／机械手
機械效率／机械效率
機械油／机械油
機械能／机械能 (jīxiènéng)
機械論／机械论 (jīxièlùn)
簡單機械／简单机械 (jiǎndān jīxiè)
繳械／缴械 (jiǎoxiè)
藥械／药械
警械
軍械／军械 (jūnxiè)

Japanese edit

Kanji edit

械

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

contraption

Readings edit

Go-on: げ (ge)
Kan-on: かい (kai, Jōyō)
Kun: かせ (kase, 械)

Etymology edit

Kanji in this term
械
かい Grade: 4
kan’on

From Middle Chinese 械 (MC heajH).

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): [ka̠i]

Affix edit

械(かい) • (kai)

Noun edit

械(かい) • (kai)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Korean edit

Hanja edit

械 (eumhun 형틀 계 (hyeongteul gye))

Hanja form^? of 계 (“weapons, instruments”).

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

械: Hán Nôm readings: giới

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.