杳

Translingual edit

Han character edit

杳 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 木日 (DA), four-corner 4060₉, composition ⿱木日)

References edit

Kangxi Dictionary: page 513, character 14
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14501
Dae Jaweon: page 901, character 2
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1169, character 1
Unihan data for U+6773

Chinese edit

trad.		杳
simp. ^#		杳
alternative forms		窅

Glyph origin edit

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 木 (“tree”) + 日 (“sun”) - dark. Compare 杲 (gǎo, “bright”).

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yǎo (yao³)
(Zhuyin): ㄧㄠˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): miu⁵, jiu²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yǎo
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄠˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yǎo
  - Wade–Giles: yao³
  - Yale: yǎu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yeau
  - Palladius: яо (jao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɑʊ̯²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: miu⁵, jiu²
  - Yale: míuh, yíu
  - Cantonese Pinyin: miu⁵, jiu²
  - Guangdong Romanization: miu⁵, yiu²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /miːu̯¹³/, /jiːu̯³⁵/

Middle Chinese: 'ewX

Rime
Character	杳
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	蕭 (93)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	烏皎切
Baxter	'ewX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔeu^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔeu^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔeu^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔɛw^X/
Li Rong	/ʔeu^X/
Wang Li	/ieu^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔieu^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yǎo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jiu²

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*ʔmeːwʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	杳
Reading #	1/1
No.	14728
Phonetic component	杳
Rime group	宵
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*ʔmeːwʔ/

Definitions edit

杳

Compounds edit

人琴俱杳
人跡杳然／人迹杳然
杳冥
杳如黃鶴／杳如黄鹤
杳杳 (yǎoyǎo)
杳渺
杳漫
杳然 (yǎorán)
杳無人煙／杳无人烟 (yǎowúrényān)
杳無人跡／杳无人迹
杳無信息／杳无信息
杳無消息／杳无消息
杳然無蹤／杳然无踪
杳無蹤影／杳无踪影
杳無蹤跡／杳无踪迹
杳無音信／杳无音信 (yǎowúyīnxìn)
杳眇
杳茫
芳魂已杳
雁杳魚沉／雁杳鱼沉 (yànyǎoyúchén)
音信杳無／音信杳无
音信杳然 (yīnxìnyǎorán)
音問杳然／音问杳然
音稀信杳
魚沉雁杳／鱼沉雁杳 (yúchényànyǎo)
鱗鴻杳絕／鳞鸿杳绝

References edit

“杳”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese edit

Kanji edit

杳

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings edit

Go-on: よう (yō)^{←えう (eu, historical)}
Kan-on: よう (yō)^{←えう (eu, historical)}
Kun: くらい (kurai, 杳い); はるか (haruka, 杳か)

Etymology edit

Kanji in this term
杳
よう Hyōgaiji
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 杳 (MC 'ewX).

Pronunciation edit

(Tokyo) よー [yóꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
IPA^(key): [jo̞ː]

Adjective edit

杳(よう) • (yō) ^{←えう (eu)^?}^†-tari (adnominal 杳(よう)とした (yō to shita) or 杳(よう)たる (yō taru), adverbial 杳(よう)と (yō to) or 杳(よう)として (yō to shite))

dark and indistinct; unclear
杳(よう)として知(し)れない
yō to shite shirenai
unknown

Inflection edit

Classical conjugation of "杳たり" (タリ活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形)	杳たら	えうたら	eutara
Continuative (連用形)	杳と^[1] 杳たり^[2]	えうとえうたり	euto eutari
Terminal (終止形)	杳たり	えうたり	eutari
Attributive (連体形)	杳たる	えうたる	eutaru
Realis (已然形)	杳たれ	えうたれ	eutare
Imperative (命令形)	杳たれ	えうたれ	eutare
Key constructions
Negative	杳たらず	えうたらず	eutarazu
Contrasting conjunction	杳たれど	えうたれど	eutaredo
Causal conjunction	杳たれば	えうたれば	eutareba
Conditional conjunction	杳たらば	えうたらば	eutaraba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge)	杳たりき	えうたりき	eutariki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge)	杳たりけり	えうたりけり	eutarikeri
Adverbial	杳と	えうと	euto
^[1]Without auxiliary verb. ^[2]With auxiliary verb.

References edit

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean edit

Hanja edit

杳 • (myo, yo) (hangeul 묘, 요, revised myo, yo, McCune–Reischauer myo, yo, Yale myo, yo)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

杳: Hán Nôm readings: diểu, yểu

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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