攙

Translingual edit

Han character edit

攙 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+17, 20 strokes, cangjie input 手弓口戈 (QNRI), four-corner 5701₃, composition ⿰扌毚)

References edit

Kangxi Dictionary: page 463, character 14
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 12991
Dae Jaweon: page 812, character 19
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1984, character 16
Unihan data for U+6519

Chinese edit

trad.		攙
simp.		搀

Glyph origin edit

Characters in the same phonetic series (毚) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
纔	zlɯː, zlɯːs, *sraːm
讒	zrɯːm, zraːms
饞	*zrɯːm
毚	zrɯːm, zraːm
欃	zrɯːm, zraːms
攙	zrɯːm, sʰraːm
儳	zrɯːm, zrɯːms, *sʰraːms
酁	*zrɯːm
瀺	*zrɯːmʔ
嚵	sʰraːms, zraːm, *zlamʔ
巉	zraːm, zraːmʔ
劖	*zraːm
艬	zraːm, zraːms
鑱	zraːm, zraːms

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zrɯːm, *sʰraːm) : semantic 手 + phonetic 毚 (OC *zrɯːm, *zraːm).

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): chān, chán (chan¹, chan²)
(Zhuyin): ㄔㄢ, ㄔㄢˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): caam¹
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chham

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: chān
  - Zhuyin: ㄔㄢ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: chan
  - Wade–Giles: chʻan¹
  - Yale: chān
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chan
  - Palladius: чань (čanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰän⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: chán
  - Zhuyin: ㄔㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: chán
  - Wade–Giles: chʻan²
  - Yale: chán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: charn
  - Palladius: чань (čanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰän³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: caam¹
  - Yale: chāam
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsaam¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: cam¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰaːm⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chham
  - Tâi-lô: tsham
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhafm
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰam⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰam³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰam⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰam⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰam⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: dzream, tsrhaem

Rime
Character	攙	攙
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	崇 (20)	初 (19)
Final (韻)	咸 (151)	銜 (149)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	II
Fanqie	士咸切	楚銜切
Baxter	dzream	tsrhaem
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʒˠɛm/	/t͡ʃʰˠam/
Pan Wuyun	/ɖ͡ʐᵚæm/	/ʈ͡ʂʰᵚam/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʒɐm/	/t͡ʃʰam/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɖ͡ʐəɨm/	/ʈ͡ʂʰaɨm/
Li Rong	/d͡ʒɐm/	/t͡ʃʰam/
Wang Li	/d͡ʒɐm/	/t͡ʃʰam/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɖ͡ʐʱăm/	/ʈ͡ʂʰam/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chán	chān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	caam⁴	caam¹

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*zrɯːm/, /*sʰraːm/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	攙	攙
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	1225	1230
Phonetic component	毚	毚
Rime group	侵	談
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	讒	攙
Old Chinese	/*zrɯːm/	/*sʰraːm/

Definitions edit

攙

^† to stab; to insert
^† sharp
to mix; to blend; to adulterate
alt. forms: 摻／掺
to support by the arm
alt. forms: 摻／掺, 儳
^† to take by force; to seize

Usage notes edit

In Mainland China, use of the character 摻／掺 (chān) to mean "to mix" (instead of 攙) is recommended by the The First Series of Standardized Forms of Words with Non-standardized Variant Forms (《第一批异形词整理表》) and Xiandai Hanyu Guifan Cidian (《现代汉语规范词典》).

Compounds edit

打攙／打搀
攙假／搀假 (chānjiǎ)
攙先／搀先
攙兌／搀兑 (chānduì)
攙口／搀口
攙合／搀合
攙和／搀和
攙夥／搀伙
攙奪／搀夺
攙扶／搀扶 (chānfú)
攙扶婆／搀扶婆
攙放／搀放
攙空／搀空
攙行奪市／搀行夺市
攙親／搀亲
攙言接語／搀言接语
攙話接舌／搀话接舌
攙越／搀越
攙雜／搀杂 (chānzá)
長攙攙／长搀搀

References edit

“攙”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese edit

Kanji edit

攙

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

give helping hand

Readings edit

Go-on: せん (sen)
Kan-on: さん (san); しん (shin)
Kan’yō-on: ざん (zan)
Kun: さす (sasu, 攙す)

Korean edit

Etymology edit

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation edit

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕʰa̠m]
Phonetic hangul: [참]

Hanja edit

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

攙

Wikisource

攙 (eum 참 (cham))

to give a helping hand
to support, hold up

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

攙: Hán Nôm readings: sọm

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