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憐

See also: 怜
憐 U+6190, 憐
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6190
← 憏
[U+618F]		CJK Unified Ideographs憑 →
[U+6191]
憐 U+F98F, 憐
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F98F
← 年
[U+F98E]		CJK Compatibility Ideographs戀 →
[U+F990]

Translingual edit

Han character edit

憐 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+12, 16 strokes, cangjie input 心火木手 (PFDQ), four-corner 99059, composition ⿰忄粦)

References edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 402, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11206
  • Dae Jaweon: page 742, character 14
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2356, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+6190

Chinese edit

trad.憐
simp.怜*

Glyph origin edit

Characters in the same phonetic series (粦) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
潾*rriːn, *rin
膦*renʔ
憐*riːn
燐*rin, *rins
鄰*rin
轔*rin, *rins
嶙*rin, *rinʔ
粼*rin, *rins
磷*rin, *rins
疄*rin, *rins
麟*rin
鱗*rin
璘*rin
翷*rin
瞵*rin, *rins
獜*rin, *reːŋ
驎*rin
鏻*rin, *rins, *reːŋ
繗*rin
僯*rinʔ
橉*rinʔ, *rins
撛*rinʔ, *rins
遴*rins
粦*rins
甐*rins

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *riːn) : semantic 心 (“heart”) + phonetic 粦 (OC *rins).

Etymology edit

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d-rin (“compassion; love”). Cognate with Tibetan དྲིན (drin, “kindness; favour; grace”).

Pronunciation edit

Note:
  • lîn - vernacular;
  • liân - literary.
Note:
  • liang5 - Shantou;
  • liêng5 - Chaozhou.
Rime
Character憐
Reading #1/1
Initial (聲)來 (37)
Final (韻)先 (85)
Tone (調)Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)Open
Division (等)IV
Fanqie落賢切
Baxterlen
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		/len/
Pan
Wuyun		/len/
Shao
Rongfen		/lɛn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		/lɛn/
Li
Rong		/len/
Wang
Li		/lien/
Bernard
Karlgren		/lien/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		lián
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		lin4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character憐
Reading #1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		lián
Middle
Chinese		‹ len ›
Old
Chinese		/*rˁiŋ/
Englishlove; pity

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character憐
Reading #1/1
No.8193
Phonetic
component		粦
Rime
group		眞
Rime
subdivision		1
Corresponding
MC rime		蓮
Old
Chinese		/*riːn/

Definitions edit

憐

  1. to pity; to sympathize
    Synonym: 憐憫／怜悯 (liánmǐn)
  2. to love tenderly

Compounds edit

Japanese edit

Kanji edit

憐

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

  1. sympathy
  2. pity
  3. treasure
  4. dote on

Readings edit

Korean edit

Hanja edit

憐 (eumhun 불쌍히 여길 련 (bulssanghi yeogil ryeon), South Korea 불쌍히 여길 연 (bulssanghi yeogil yeon))

  1. Hanja form? of 련/연 (“pity, sympathize”).

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

憐: Hán Nôm readings: lân, liên

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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