弊

Translingual edit

Han character edit

弊 (Kangxi radical 55, 廾+12, 15 strokes, cangjie input 火大廿 (FKT), four-corner 9844₄, composition ⿱敝廾)

References edit

Kangxi Dictionary: page 354, character 34
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9644
Dae Jaweon: page 670, character 5
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 518, character 17
Unihan data for U+5F0A

Chinese edit

trad.		弊
simp. ^#		弊
2nd round simp.		𰐉
alternative forms		獘／毙

Glyph origin edit

Characters in the same phonetic series (敝) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
蔽	*peds
鄨	peds, ped
鷩	peds, ped
彆	peds, peːd
潎	pʰeds, pʰed
斃	beds, bed
敝	beds, bed
幣	*beds
弊	*beds
鱉	*ped
虌	*ped
憋	ped, pʰed, *peːd
瞥	pʰed, pʰeːd
鐅	pʰed, pʰeːd
嫳	bed, pʰeːd
撇	*pʰeːd
撆	*pʰeːd
暼	*pʰeːd
蹩	*beːd
襒	*beːd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *beds) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : phonetic 敝 (OC *beds, *bed, “destroy, tatters”) + semantic 廾 (“both hands”): emphatic form of 敝 — destroying something with both hands.

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): bì (bi⁴)
(Zhuyin): ㄅㄧˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): bai⁶
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): pi
(Meixian, Guangdong): bi⁴
Eastern Min (BUC): bê
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): pē / pī / pè
(Teochew, Peng'im): bi⁷

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: bì
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄧˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: bì
  - Wade–Giles: pi⁴
  - Yale: bì
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bih
  - Palladius: би (bi)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pi⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: bai⁶
  - Yale: baih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: bai⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: bei⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɐi̯²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pi
  - Hakka Romanization System: bi
  - Hagfa Pinyim: bi⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /pi⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: bi⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /pi⁵³/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: bê
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɛi²⁴²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pē
  - Tâi-lô: pē
  - Phofsit Daibuun: pe
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /pe⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /pe²²/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /pe³³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pī
  - Tâi-lô: pī
  - Phofsit Daibuun: pi
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /pi²²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pè
  - Tâi-lô: pè
  - Phofsit Daibuun: pex
  - IPA (Taipei): /pe¹¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Kaohsiung): /pe²¹/

Note:

pè - vernacular (俗);
piah - unknown dialect.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: bi⁷
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pī
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /pi¹¹/

Middle Chinese: bjiejH

Rime
Character	弊
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	祭 (35)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	毗祭切
Baxter	bjiejH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/biᴇi^H/
Pan Wuyun	/biɛi^H/
Shao Rongfen	/bjæi^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/biaj^H/
Li Rong	/biɛi^H/
Wang Li	/bĭɛi^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/bʱi̯ɛi^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	bai⁶

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*beds/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	弊
Reading #	1/1
No.	635
Phonetic component	敝
Rime group	祭
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	獘
Old Chinese	/*beds/
Notes	下原作大，注俗作此

Definitions edit

弊

fraud; harm; malpractice; deceit
drawback; defect
(Cantonese) bad; awful; terrible; (of a situation) critical or disastrous
弊喇！唔記得帶銀包添。 [Cantonese, trad.]
弊喇！唔记得带银包添。 [Cantonese, simp.]
bai⁶ laa³! m⁴ gei³ dak¹ daai³ ngan⁴ baau¹ tim¹. [Jyutping]
Oh crap! I forgot to bring my purse.

Compounds edit

作弊 (zuòbì)
凋弊 (diāobì)
切中時弊／切中时弊
利多於弊／利多于弊
利弊 (lìbì)
利弊互見／利弊互见
利弊參半／利弊参半
利弊得失
宿弊
弊倖／弊幸
弊害 (bìhài)
弊履
弊帚千金
弊帚自珍
弊政 (bìzhèng)
弊案
弊病 (bìbìng)
弊竇／弊窦
弊端 (bìduān)
弊絕風清／弊绝风清 (bìjuéfēngqīng)
弊衣疏食
弊衣簞食／弊衣箪食
弊車羸馬／弊车羸马
弊車駑馬／弊车驽马
弊邦 (bìbāng)
徇私作弊
徇私舞弊
時弊／时弊 (shíbì)
杜弊
歲弊／岁弊
民力凋弊
流弊 (liúbì)
為法自弊／为法自弊
無私有弊／无私有弊
營私舞弊／营私舞弊 (yíngsīwǔbì)
疲弊
百弊叢生／百弊丛生
私弊 (sībì)
積久弊生／积久弊生
積弊／积弊 (jībì)
罷弊／罢弊
興利剔弊／兴利剔弊
興利除弊／兴利除弊
舌弊耳聾／舌弊耳聋
舞弊 (wǔbì)
補偏救弊／补偏救弊 (bǔpiānjiùbì)
裘弊金盡／裘弊金尽
貪汙舞弊／贪污舞弊
醫時救弊／医时救弊
金舌弊口
防弊除害
除弊
革弊
風清弊絕／风清弊绝
齒弊舌存／齿弊舌存

Japanese edit

Shinjitai	弊
Kyūjitai ^[1]	弊󠄁 弊+`󠄁`^? (Adobe-Japan1)
	弊󠄃 弊+`󠄃`^? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details.