堰

Translingual edit

Han character edit

堰 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 土尸日女 (GSAV), four-corner 4111₄, composition ⿰土匽)

References edit

Kangxi Dictionary: page 234, character 4
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5274
Dae Jaweon: page 471, character 12
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 461, character 5
Unihan data for U+5830

Chinese edit

trad.		堰
simp. ^#		堰
2nd round simp.		𪣈

Glyph origin edit

Characters in the same phonetic series (妟) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
堰	qrens, qanʔ, *qans
躽	qrens, qeːnʔ
宴	qeːnʔ, qeːns
蝘	qeːnʔ, qanʔ
偃	*qanʔ
郾	qanʔ, qans
鶠	*qanʔ
褗	qanʔ, qans
匽	*qanʔ
鼴	*qanʔ
鰋	*qanʔ
揠	*qreːd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qrens, *qanʔ, *qans) : semantic 土 (“earth, ground”) + phonetic 匽 (OC *qanʔ).

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yàn (yan⁴)
(Zhuyin): ㄧㄢˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jin²
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): iàn
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁵i

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yàn
  - Wade–Giles: yen⁴
  - Yale: yàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yann
  - Palladius: янь (janʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɛn⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: jin²
  - Yale: yín
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jin²
  - Guangdong Romanization: yin²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiːn³⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iàn
  - Tâi-lô: iàn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iexn
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /iɛn²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /iɛn⁴¹/
Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁵i
  - MiniDict: i^去
  - Dictionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²i
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /i³⁴/

Middle Chinese: 'jonX, 'jonH, 'jienH

Rime
Character	堰	堰	堰
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3
Initial (聲)	影 (34)	影 (34)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	元 (65)	元 (65)	仙 (77)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III	III
Fanqie	於幰切	於建切	於扇切
Baxter	'jonX	'jonH	'jienH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔɨɐn^X/	/ʔɨɐn^H/	/ʔiᴇn^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔiɐn^X/	/ʔiɐn^H/	/ʔiɛn^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔiɐn^X/	/ʔiɐn^H/	/ʔjæn^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔɨan^X/	/ʔɨan^H/	/ʔian^H/
Li Rong	/ʔiɐn^X/	/ʔiɐn^H/	/ʔiɛn^H/
Wang Li	/ĭɐn^X/	/ĭɐn^H/	/ĭɛn^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔɨ̯ɐn^X/	/ʔɨ̯ɐn^H/	/ʔi̯ɛn^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yǎn	yàn	yàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jin²	jin³	jin³

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*qrens/, /*qanʔ/, /*qans/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	堰	堰	堰
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3
No.	14378	14388	14393
Phonetic component	妟	妟	妟
Rime group	元	元	元
Rime subdivision	2	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	躽	偃	堰
Old Chinese	/*qrens/	/*qanʔ/	/*qans/

Definitions edit

堰

Compounds edit

二堰 (Èryàn)
五堰 (Wǔyàn)
付家堰 (Fùjiāyàn)
化龍堰／化龙堰 (Huàlóngyàn)
十堰 (Shíyàn)
埭堰
堰坡 (Yànpō)
堰塞湖 (yànsèhú)
塘堰 (tángyàn)
大堰 (Dàyàn)
大堰壋／大堰垱 (Dàyàndàng)
大堰角 (Dàyànjiǎo)
孫堰／孙堰 (Sūnyàn)
新堰 (Xīnyàn)
河堰 (Héyàn)
白家堰 (Báijiāyàn)
肖堰
荷花堰 (Héhuāyàn)
蔣家堰／蒋家堰 (Jiǎngjiāyàn)
都江堰 (Dūjiāngyàn)
金堰 (Jīnyàn)
長堰／长堰 (Chángyàn)
高家堰 (Gāojiāyàn)
鴨堰橋／鸭堰桥 (Yāyànqiáo)

Japanese edit

Kanji edit

堰

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

Readings edit

Go-on: えん (en)
Kan-on: えん (en)
Kun: せき (seki, 堰); せく (seku, 堰く)

Etymology 1 edit

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:

堰

Wikipedia ^ja

Kanji in this term
堰
せき Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

From the 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb せく (“to dam”).

Pronunciation edit

(Tokyo) せき [séꜜkì] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]^[2]
IPA^(key): [se̞kʲi]

Noun edit

堰(せき) • (seki)

weir, dam

Usage notes edit

In technical contexts this is distinguished from dam.

Synonyms edit

ダム (damu, “dam”)
堰堤(えんてい) (entei, “dam”)

Etymology 2 edit

Kanji in this term
堰
い Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

Pronunciation edit

(Tokyo) い [íꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
IPA^(key): [i]

Noun edit

堰(い) • (i) ^{←ゐ (wi)^?}

a dike or levee for containing water

References edit

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

Korean edit

Hanja edit

堰 • (eon) (hangeul 언, revised eon, McCune–Reischauer ŏn)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

堰: Hán Nôm readings: yển

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References edit

Nom Foundation

[DJR-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-2] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

[1]

[2]