Ukungabi nenzalo ukwehluleka komuntu, isilwane noma isitshalo ukuzala ngezindlela zemvelo.Kuvamise hhayi isimo engokwemvelo umuntu omdala onempilo enhle, ngaphandle ephawuleka phakathi ezithile eusocial zinhlobo (ikakhulukazi haplodiploid izinambuzane).
Kodwa-ke yisimo esinempilo sengane yomuntu noma enye inzalo encane, ngoba abakakutholi ukuthomba, isiqalo somzimba samandla okuzala .
Enye incazelo yokungazali okuvame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu e-United States ngochwepheshe be-endocrinologists bokuzala, odokotela abasebenza ngokungabi nenzalo, ukubheka imibhangqwana efanelekile ukwelashwa yile:
Lezi zikhathi zingabonakala ziguqulwa; lena yindawo lapho inqubomgomo yomphakathi ishaya khona isayensi.Umqondo ngukuthi kwabesifazane abangaphezu kweminyaka yobudala engama-35, njalo ngenyanga kubalwa futhi uma kwenziwa ukulinda ezinye izinyanga eziyisithupha ukufakazela isidingo sokungenelela kwezokwelapha, inkinga ingaba yimbi kakhulu.Okuhambisana nalokhu ukuthi, ngencazelo, ukwehluleka ukukhulelwa kwabesifazane abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-35 akubhekwa ngokuphuthuma okufanayo nakulabo abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-35.
E-UK, imihlahlandlela yangaphambilini ye-NICE ichaze ukungazali njengokuhluleka ukukhulelwa ngemuva kocansi olungavikelekile iminyaka emibili lapho kungekho khona i-pathology yokuzala eyaziwayo.Imihlahlandlela ebuyekeziwe ye-NICE ayifaki incazelo ethile, kepha incoma ukuthi "Owesifazane oseminyakeni yobudala yokuzala ongakhulelanga ngemuva konyaka ongu-1 wokuya ocansini lwesitho sangasese sowesifazane okungavikelekile, lapho kungekho sizathu esaziwayo sokuzala, kufanele anikezwe ukuhlolwa okuqhubekayo komtholampilo nophenyo kanye nomlingani wakhe, ngokudluliselwa phambilini kochwepheshe uma owesifazane engaphezu kweminyaka engama-36 ubudala. "
Abaphenyi bavamise ukusungula izifundo zabantu ngokwanda kokungazali esikhathini esiyiminyaka emihlanu. Izinkinga zokulinganisa ezisebenzayo, noma kunjalo, zikhona kunoma iyiphi incazelo, ngoba kunzima ukukala ukuvezwa okuqhubekayo engcupheni yokukhulelwa esikhathini seminyaka.
Ukungabi nenzalo eyinhloko kuchazwa njengokungabikho kokuzalwa okuphilayo kwabesifazane abafisa ingane futhi asebevele benyunyana okungenani izinyanga eziyi-12, lapho bengasebenzisanga noma yiziphi izindlela zokuvimbela inzalo. I-World Health Organisation ibuye yengeze ukuthi 'abesifazane abakhulelwa ngokuzenzekelayo baphuphunyelwa yizisu, noma abakhulelwa okuholela enganeni ezelwe isanda kuzalwa, ngaphandle kokuthola ukuzalwa bukhoma kungabonisa ukungabi nenzalo'.
Ukungabi nenzalo kwesibili kuchazwa njengokungabikho kokuzalwa okuphilayo kwabesifazane abafisa ingane futhi asebevele benyunyana okungenani izinyanga eziyi-12 selokhu bazalwa okokugcina, lapho bengasebenzisanga izinto zokuvimbela inzalo.
Ngakho-ke isici esihlukanisayo ukuthi ngabe lo mbhangqwana wake wakhulelwa yini noma cha okwaholela ekuzalweni bukhoma.
Ukungabi nenzalo kowesilisa kuchazwa njengokwehluleka kowesilisa ukukhulelisa owesifazane okhulelwe, okungenani unyaka owodwa wokuya ocansini olungavikelekile.Kunezimbangela eziningi zokuzala kwabesilisa.Lokhu kufaka phakathi iziyaluyalu ze-endocrine (imvamisa ngenxa ye-hypogonadism) elinganiselwa ku-2% kuya ku-5%), ukuphazamiseka kokuthuthwa kwesidoda (njenge-vasectomy) ku-5%, ukukhubazeka okuyisisekelo kwamasende (okubandakanya amapharamitha wesidoda angajwayelekile ngaphandle kwembangela ebonakalayo) kuma-65% kuya I-80% ne- idiopathic (lapho owesilisa ongazaliyo enamapharamitha ejwayelekile wesidoda kanye nesidoda) ku-10% kuya ku-20%.
Kwezinye izimo, bobabili owesilisa nowesifazane bangase bangabi nenzalo noma babe nenzalo encane, kanti ukungabi nalutho kwalaba bashadikazi kuvela ekuhlanganisweni kwalezi zimo.Kwezinye izimo, imbangela kusolwa ukuthi ingamasosha omzimba noma izakhi zofuzo; kungenzeka ukuthi umlingani ngamunye uzimele ngokuzimela kepha abashadayo abakwazi ukukhulelwa ndawonye ngaphandle kosizo.
Uma izindlela zokwelashwa ezilondolozayo zihluleka ukufeza ukukhulelwa okugcwele, udokotela noma i-WHNP ingaphakamisa ukuthi isiguli singene kwi-vitro fertilization (IVF).I-IVF namasu ahlobene nayo (i- ICSI, ZIFT, GIFT ) abizwa ngamasu okusiza ubuchwepheshe bokuzala (i-ART).
Amanye amasu ezokwelapha isib. I-tuboplasty, ukusizwa okusizwayo, nokuxilongwa kofuzo kusengaphambili kokufakelwa.
IVF yi-ART esetshenziswa kakhulu. Kutholakale ukuthi kulusizo ekunqobeni izimo zokungazali, njengamashubhu avinjiwe noma alimele, i-endometriosis, ukwehluleka okuphindaphindiwe kwe-IUI, ukungazali okungaqondakali, ukugcinwa kwesibeletho okungafanele, isibalo sesidoda esibi noma esingelona neze.
Inqubo ye-ICSI isetshenziswa uma ngabe ikhwalithi yesidoda imbi, ukubalwa kwesidoda okuphansi noma imizamo yokukhulelwa ehlulekile phakathi nemijikelezo ye-IVF yangaphambilini.Le ndlela ifaka umjovo wesidoda esisodwa esinempilo esifakwe ngqo eqandeni elivuthiwe.Umbungu okhulelisiwe ube usudluliselwa esibelethweni.
Ukuvakasha kwenzalo kungumkhuba wokuhambela kwelinye izwe ukuthola imishanguzo yenzalo. Kungathathwa njengendlela yokuvakasha kwezokwelapha.izizathu eziyinhloko zokuvakasha kwenzalo yimithetho esemthethweni yenqubo efunwayo ezweni lasekhaya, noma intengo ephansi.Ukuvundiswa kwe-in-vitro nokusatshalaliswa kwabaxhasi yizinqubo ezinkulu ezihilelekile.
Kulezi zinsuku, kunezindlela zokwelapha eziningana (ezisahlolwa) ezihlobene nokwelashwa kwe- stem cell.Kuyithuba elisha, hhayi kuphela labalingani abanokushoda kwama-gametes, kepha futhi nakwabashadile bobulili obufanayo nabantu abangashadile abafuna ukuthola inzalo.Ngokwethiyori, ngalokhu kwelashwa, singathola ama-gametes okufakelwa ku-vitro.Kunezifundo ezahlukahlukene zabesifazane nabesilisa.
Ukwelashwa kwama-stem cell kusha ngempela, futhi konke kusaphenywa.Ngokwengeziwe, kungaba ikusasa lokwelashwa kwezifo eziningi, kufaka phakathi ukungatholi abantwana.Kuzothatha isikhathi ngaphambi kokuthi lezi zifundo zitholakale emitholampilo nasezigulini.
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