信息自由法 |
缩写(通俗) | FOIA |
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俗称 | - Public Information Act of 1966
- Public Information Availability
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立法机构 | 第89th屆美国国会 |
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生效日期 | July 5, 1967 |
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引用文献 |
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公法 | 89-487 |
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法律汇编 | 80 Stat. 250 |
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法典编纂 |
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修订法令 | Administrative Procedure Act |
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修订法编 | 5 U.S.C.: Government Organization and Employees |
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创建章节 | 美國法典第5编第5之II章 § 552 |
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立法历程 |
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- Senate提案:S. 1160, Edward Long (D–MO), October 4, 1965
- 委员会审核:Committee on the Judiciary and Committee on Government Operations
- Senate通过:October 13, 1965(passed)
- House通过:June 20, 1966(306–0)
- 总统签署生效:Lyndon B. Johnson,July 4, 1966
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主要修正案 |
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- Privacy Act of 1974, PL 93–579, 88 Stat 1896
- Government in the Sunshine Act, PL 94–409, 90 Stat 1241
- Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986, PL 99–570, 100 Stat 3207
- Electronic Freedom of Information Act of 1996
- The Intelligence Authorization Act of 2002, PL 107-306, 116 Stat 2383
- OPEN Government Act of 2007, PL 110-175, 121 Stat 2524
- Wall Street Reform Act of 2010
- FOIA Improvement Act of 2016
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美国最高法院案例 |
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Department of Justice v. Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press Department of Justice v. Landano Scott Armstrong v. Executive Office of the President |
主要内容
《信息自由法》的主要内容是规定民众在获得行政情报方面的权利和行政机关在向民众提供行政情报方面的义务:
- 联邦政府的记录和档案原则上向所有的人开放,但是有九类政府情报可免于公开;
- 公民可向任何一级政府机构提出查阅、索取复印件的申请;
- 政府机构则必须公布本部门的建制和本部门各级组织受理情报咨询、查找的程序、方法和项目,并提供信息分类索引;
- 公民在查询情报的要求被拒绝后,可以向司法部门提起诉讼,并应得到法院的优先处理;
这项法律还规定了行政、司法部门处理有关申请和诉讼的时效。
重要意义
《信息自由法》是美国人民争取新闻出版自由斗争的重要成果之一。该法律虽然是面对一般公民的,实际上真正查阅资料的是记者,此使記者有了更大的采访权利。
注释
参考文献
- 1981年第1期《法学译丛》,潘汉典译,(美国)情报自由法。
参见
- 陽光法案
- 美國愛國者法案
- 新聞自由記者委員會 (Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press)
外部連結
- FOIA.gov (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) – U.S. Department of Justice FOIA complete reference
- FOIA Legislative History (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) - The National Security Archive at George Washington University
- Stanford Libraries FOIA archive (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) – Preserved collection of sites that deal with Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) requests and documents. This includes government sites that receive and distribute FOIA documents (aka "FOIA reading rooms") as well as non-profit organizations and government watchdogs that request large numbers of FOIA documents on specific topics like national security and civil rights.
- Freedom of Information Act Resources (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) – compiled by the Law Librarians' Society of Washington, D.C.
- FOIA Wiki – wiki maintained by Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press with explanatory entries on various aspects of FOIA, including caselaw, agency information, and recent FOIA decisions
- FOIA Mapper (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) – project analyzing the most frequent filers of FOIA requests (2017)
- Freedom of Information Act. Amend section 3 of the Administrative Procedure Act. Enrolled Acts and Resolutions of Congress, compiled 1789–2008. U.S. National Archives and Records Administration. July 4, 1966 [2020-02-22]. (原始内容存档于2014-02-22).
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