视紫质

Rhodopsin; 视网膜紫质
	Sensory rhodopsin II (rainbow colored) embedded in a lipid bilayer (heads red and tails blue) with Transducin (Gt) below it. Gt? is colored red, Gt? blue, and Gt? yellow. There is a bound GDP molecule in the Gt?-subunit and a bound retinal (black) in the rhodopsin. The N-terminus of rhodopsin is red and the C-terminus blue. Presumed anchoring of transducin to the membrane has been drawn in black.
有效结构
PDB	直系同源检索：PDBe, RCSB
PDB查询代码列表
	1eds, 1edx, 1f88, 1gzm, 1hzx, 1jfp, 1l9h, 1ln6, 1u19, 2g87, 2hpy, 2i35, 2i36, 2i37
标识
代号	RHO; CSNBAD1; OPN2; RP4
扩展标识	遗传学：180380 鼠基因：97914 同源基因：68068 GeneCards: RHO Gene
基因本体论描述
分子功能	· G-protein coupled receptor activity; · protein binding; · photoreceptor activity; · metal ion binding;
细胞成分	· Golgi membrane; · photoreceptor outer segment; · photoreceptor inner segment; · Golgi apparatus; · plasma membrane; · integral component of plasma membrane; · cell-cell junction; · Golgi-associated vesicle membrane; · photoreceptor outer segment membrane; · ciliary membrane; · photoreceptor inner segment membrane; · photoreceptor disc membrane;
生物过程	· retinoid metabolic process; · protein phosphorylation; · organelle organization; · G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway; · visual perception; · phototransduction, visible light; · absorption of visible light; · rhodopsin mediated signaling pathway; · protein-chromophore linkage; · regulation of rhodopsin mediated signaling pathway; · retina development in camera-type eye;
	Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA表达模式
	更多表达数据
直系同源体
	查; 论; 编;

历史

它最早是由德国生理学家Franz Christian Boll在1876年发现的。视紫质平行于细胞膜上，其合成需要维生素A在体内转化成11-顺视黄醛。在光照下，11-顺视黄醛异构为全反视黄醛，并由此激活视紫质，产生下游一系列反应。

视紫质基因突变会影响视力，比如夜盲症等。

微生物也有视紫质，但没有和G蛋白耦合，因此不属于G蛋白耦合受体。尽管如此，原核生物视紫质仍然被看作是和GPCR同属一超科。

参考文献

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视紫质

历史

参考文献

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