擁車證(英語:Certificate of Entitlement, COE),是新加坡政府透過車輛牌照配額許可證的發行,授予成功中標的持有人進行登記,擁有與使用新加坡道路,為期10年的合法權利。需求高時,COE的成本可能超過汽車本身的價值。
起源於新加坡於1990年為了治理城市交通擁堵採取的一種措施。新加坡約有80萬輛汽車,其中約50萬輛為小汽車。
在購買新的車輛之前,在新加坡,潛在的車主都必需要向陸路交通管理局(LTA)先申辦擁車證(Certificate of Entitlement)。
在2013年9月, 拥车证系统重新定义了A类车辆的标准. 这一变化发生后,A类车辆的引擎功率不得超过97千瓦. 这大约相当于130马力。 这是对A类汽车发动机容量不超过1600立方厘米的先前标准的补充。但是, 尽管发动机容量低于1600立方厘米,但从2014年2月开始,发动机输出功率超过97kW的汽车将被归类为拥车证招标中的B类。审查拥车证类别的标准是因为陆路交通管理局希望区分和规范A类标准下的代步车和高档汽车的购买,以将拥车证价格控制在越来越接近100,000新加坡元的水平。
最初,牌照准證(COEs)分成八大類,但該系統現已被簡化為僅僅五個類別。A組、B組、與D組 是不可轉讓的。出租车在2012年以前被归为A类,但之后不再受到管制。
Prior to May 1999
Category | Vehicle Class |
---|---|
Cat 1 | Cars 1000cc & below |
Cat 2 | Cars 1001-1600cc & Taxis |
Cat 3 | Cars 1601-2000cc |
Cat 4 | Cars above 2000cc |
Cat 5 | Goods Vehicles & Buses |
Cat 6 | Motorcycles |
Cat 7 | "Open" (for any kind of vehicle) |
Current Categories
Category | Vehicle Class |
---|---|
Cat A | Cars 1600cc & below, and the engine power should not exceed 97 kilowatts (kW) |
Cat B | Cars 1600cc & above, or the engine power output exceeds 97kW |
Cat C | Goods Vehicles & Buses |
Cat D | Motorcycles |
Cat E | "Open" (for any kind of vehicle) |
March 2009 2nd Open Bidding
Category | Current Quota Premium | Previous Quota Premium | ▲/▼ | Difference |
---|---|---|---|---|
A (1600cc and below), taxi | S$5,116 | S$4,890 | ▲ | S$226 |
B (1601cc and above) | S$5,001 | S$5,101 | ▼ | S$100 |
C (Goods Vehicle and Bus) | S$5,600 | S$5,300 | ▲ | S$300 |
D (Motorcycles) | S$912 | S$958 | ▼ | S$46 |
E (Open) | S$5,982 | S$5,700 | ▲ | S$282 |
April 2010 1st Open Bidding
Category | Current Quota Premium | Previous Quota Premium | ▲/▼ | Difference |
---|---|---|---|---|
A (1600cc and below), taxi | S$34,001 | S$28,389 | ▲ | S$5,612 |
B (1601cc and above) | S$45,501 | S$36,089 | ▲ | S$9,412 |
E (Open) | S$49,000 | S$42,001 | ▲ | S$6,999 |
December 2011 1st Open Bidding
Category | Current Quota Premium | Previous Quota Premium | ▲/▼ | Difference |
---|---|---|---|---|
A (1600cc and below), taxi | S$50,001 | S$52,357 | ▼ | S$2,356 |
B (1601cc and above) | S$70,003 | S$72,317 | ▼ | S$2,314 |
E (Open) | S$71,000 | S$74,345 | ▼ | S$3,345 |
2013 results: [1]
Period | % | Remark |
---|---|---|
May 1990 to May 2009 | 3.0 | 3.0% + deregistrations as per last annum |
Jun 2009 to Jun 2010 | 1.5 | Reduced to 1.5% + deregistrations as per last annum, partly due to low price COE |
Jul 2010 to Jul 2012 | 1.5% as per last annum + recent half-yearly deregistrations, rate are extended to July | |
Aug 2012 to Jan 2013 | 1.0 | Taxi are moved to Cat E |
Feb 2013 to Jan 2014 | 0.5 | Reduced to 0.5% and expected to last till Jan 2015 |
Feb 2014 to Jan 2015 | Change to recent quarterly deregistrations | |
Feb 2015 onwards | 0.25 | Reduced to 0.25% |
从2010年4月起,对COE配额计算进行了修改。 在新方法下,陆路运输管理局(LTA)将最近六个月的实际车辆注销登记中的拥车证配额回收回系统中。数字将每六个月修订一次,而不是年度配额。 例如,截至一月,有80万辆汽车。 根据1.5%的允许增长率,将每六个月出售另外6000个拥车证指标。加上同期注销的车辆数量(例如20,000),这意味着7月至12月的拥车证配额为26,000。
2011年10月上旬,新加坡运输部长吕德耀(Lui Tuck Yew)表示,新加坡的年度汽车增长峰值将从2012年起进一步下降。 年度汽车人口增长率将从目前的1.5%降低到2012年的1.0%,然后在2013年和2014年降低到0.5%,然后在2015年降低到0.25%。
较低的车辆增长率将与未来道路的增长速度更加紧密地吻合。 然而,2012年5月,吕德耀(Lui Tuck Yew)话锋一转,并表示可能增加拥车证指标,配额削减汽车增长的计划将被推迟。
Previous Category | Highest | Lowest1 | Current Category | Highest | Lowest | Remarks | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
May 1990 – Apr 1999 | SGD | Period | SGD | Period | From May 1999 | SGD | Period | SGD | Period | |
Cat 1 (1000 cc & below) | 41,008 | Jul 1997 | 210 | Feb 1991 | Cat A3 | 92,100 | Jan 2013 | 2 | Nov 2008a | a. Major historical plunge partly due to 2008 financial crisis and over-projections of vehicle de-registrations in 2008/09 b. Major historical plunge partly due to 1997 Asian financial crisis |
Cat 2 (1001 – 1600 cc) & taxi | 62,208 | Jul 1997 | 909 | Mar 1991 | ||||||
Cat 3 (1601 – 2000 cc) | 83,500 | Dec 1994 | 50 | Jan 1998b | Cat B | 96,210 | Jan 2013 | 200 | Jan 2009a | |
Cat 4 (2001 cc & above) | 110,500 | Dec 1994 | 800 | Apr 1991 | ||||||
Cat 5 (Goods Vehicle & Bus) | 39,000 | Dec 1994 | 1 | Apr 1991 | Cat C | 63,035 | Dec 2012 | 1 | Dec 2006– Mar 2007c | c. Partly due to strict emission standards from Oct 2006 |
Cat 6 (Motorcycle) | 3,506 | Aug 1997 | 1 | Jan 1994, Feb 1994d | Cat D | 2,704 | Jan 2014 | 1 | Nov 2002– Mar 2003d | d. Mainly due to higher quota and lower than minimum bidders |
Cat 7 (Open) | 95,986 | Dec 1994 | 998 | Mar 1991 | Cat E | 97,889 | Jan 2013 | 3,200 | Jan 2009 | – |
Cat 8 (Weekend Car)2 | 45,300 | Sep 1994 | 1,110 | Oct 1991 | OPC | COE rebate up to $17,000 | ||||
1. Excluded initial quote for first 3 months (May~Jul'90). Previous lowest record due to higher quota for year 1991 |
買車的時候詳細的成本結構可以在這個網站上找到。[2] (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
All prices are in Singapore dollars dated March 2012
This article uses material from the Wikipedia 中文 article 擁車證, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 license ("CC BY-SA 3.0"); additional terms may apply (view authors). 除非另有声明,本网站内容采用CC BY-SA 4.0授权。 Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.
®Wikipedia is a registered trademark of the Wiki Foundation, Inc. Wiki 中文 (DUHOCTRUNGQUOC.VN) is an independent company and has no affiliation with Wiki Foundation.