干船坞(或称乾塢)指在岸边以人工建设的船坞,作为建造、改装和修理船舶的地方。可以分为干旱船坞(岸上)或浮水船坞等不同类别。
乾船坞的历史可以追溯到公元10世纪的北宋。据沈括记载:「国初,两浙献龙船,长二十余丈,上为官室层楼,设御榻以备游幸。岁久腹败,欲修治,而水中不可施工。熙宁中,宦官黄怀信献计,于金明池北凿大澳,可容龙船,其下置柱,以大木梁其上。乃决水入澳,引船当梁上,即车出澳中水,船乃笐于空中。完补讫,复以水浮船,撤去梁柱。以大屋蒙之,遂为藏船之室,永无暴露之患。」傳為北宋畫家張擇端創作的《金明池爭標圖》 有繪其外貌。
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