電流,電荷之流也。其符號曰I。於公制,其大小以安培計。
今電學家皆曰:電流之向逆乎電子流之向。
凡電荷有流動,皆可謂之電流,非獨謂電子流於金屬之中也。而正電荷左向者,猶負電荷之右向也。且古之電學家未知電子,不知電流為正電荷之左向或負電荷之右向也,故以正電荷之流向為電流。後電學家乃知電流在金屬者,實電子(帶負電)之流也。故今人謂電流之向與電子流之向相反。
歐姆定律,電學之法也。其式曰:「V=IR」,V為電壓,I為電流,R為電阻。其言若温不變、物之形質不變者,則電壓與電流之率有常,其率曰電阻。
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