兩河之盂者,俗曰美索不達米亞,希臘語謂河間也。所謂河者,幼發拉底河、底格里斯河也。所興之文明,謂之兩河文明、美索不達米亞文明。其若在今伊拉克,迄西元前四百年至西元前二世紀,乃人之至先也。二河多氾,遂土地肥沃;然乾旱少水,於西元四千年,已有渠耳。至西元二千年,則有文字,多城邑。
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