鐳,化學元素也,符號為Ra,原子序八十八。位列主族、屬族二、鹼土金屬。純鐳色銀白,惟處於大氣,亟合於氮,成氮化鐳,乃黑。極易衰變,富放射能。同位素中,最穩者鐳二二六,歷千六百年而半化為氡。衰變之時,生游離輻射,可着螢光物,成輻射光。
一八九八年,居禮伉儷自瀝青鈾礦得氯化鐳,始知其存。俄而發表於法國科學院。一九一一年,居禮夫人、德貝恩(André-Louis Debierne)二人,戮力探究,終以電解氯化鐳,隔離而得鐳本體。
天然之中,多雜於鈾礦、間雜於釷礦。蘊藏甚寡,百噸瀝青鈾礦,僅鐳十數克。初,以鐳富放射能故,嘗用諸輻射生光。當世,知其放射能實為劇毒,獨慎用諸核醫學而已,蓋利可治癌、誤則致癌,過猶不及故也。
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