鉀者,舊譯𨦗,化學元素也,符號K,原子序十九,屬鹼金屬。質輕軟,色銀白,遇氧即啞,其性似鈉。
性低熔而質軟,性似而稍烈於鈉,遇氧即啞。若並鉀與水者,則暴起而出藍火,釋氫,浮游水上,生氫氧化鉀,其效甚烈,強於鋰鈉。
易并鹵族、氧族元素而生化合物。熔融狀態下,可還原鹽以得金屬,對有機物之還原作用甚強。易并氧而生氧化鉀。 鉀者性暴而易燃,須以汽油、煤油存之,免生災禍。
同位素者十六,自鉀三五至鉀五十。性穩者鉀三九、鉀四一矣。餘者皆具放射性。
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