鈉者,一作鏀,一作鹻精,或作單字「金堿」。化學元素也,符號Na,原子序十一,屬鹼金屬。質輕且軟,新剖時銀而白,遇氧漸啞,性躁烈,遇水即沸,故貯於煤油,弗自存於世,以化合態存於坤輿,故古人未有得鈉者,今科學家以電解氯化鈉乃得之。併氯得食鹽,存於大海,兼併氫、氧,得氫氧化鈉,併氫、碳酸,得小蘇打。鈉鹽者,人所必須也。
一八零七年,英國人戴維電解熔融之氫氧化鈉,始得之並名之。
同位素者有十五,自鈉十九至鈉三三。性穩者獨鈉二三,餘者皆具放射性。
輕而軟,能剖之以刀。其性甚烈,取鈉而投之於水,則浮游水上而有火出,須臾有爆炸之聲。煮之至九十八度則熔。
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