縣,王邑外懸也(古懸為縣)。始春秋之世,封建崩壞,諸侯相併,新得之地不封采邑,改以縣官,給米為俸。初置邊地,爾後內地采邑日廢,縣乃內置,邊廣而人稀,置為郡。戰國末世,以郡地大而日興,位縣之上。秦併天下,分三十六郡,郡下置縣。漢改郡國,國下亦有縣者。漢世縣大,歷南北朝,至唐世縣微。縣制行之千年不易,至今仍置,中華合有千數。周圍諸國亦有縣制。
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