山海關,北倚燕山,南臨渤海,其地險要,自古兵家必爭。因古渝水而名,又隋文帝設關城,曰榆關。自明以降,又號天下第一關,其責「內拱神京,外捍夷虜,最契緊處」。樞輔大學士孫承宗曰:「關門系天下安危」。
隋文帝時,始置榆關。
洪武十四年(1381年),徐達修長城,復設關城,因居燕山、渤海間,取「山」、「海」二字,得名「山海關」,歸隸永平府轄。
明亡,山海關復為臨榆縣城。
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