君民共主(英言Constitutional monarchy),通曰君主立憲,略云君憲,言君主固九五至尊,居萬民之上。而立憲法,則但享名譽,權利無別於公民。英國光榮革命後始有之。
所以稱共主者,謂民權之不可輕,而君主亦不可無。國有上下交爭,雖致革命,而有皇室顯族,覃施之深,自不待言。而況為帝者,傳統所及,榮華之外,維繫朝綱者,君臣之道也。故雖百千權貴,而得一無上君主為之制衡者,有國之權。此即立憲所由來,立憲何?以限君權,以伸民權者也。
考古今君憲,其類大抵二分,有實權者,有虛君者。又或有二元之君主,或有議會之君主也。
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