തുവാലു

(Tuvalu) 1978-ൽ സ്വതന്ത്രമായ ബ്രിട്ടീഷ് കോളനിയാണിത്. എല്ലിസ് ദ്വീപുകൾ എന്നാണ്‌ പൂർ‌വകാല നാമം. എലിസബത്ത് 2 രാജ്ഞിയുടെ പ്രതിനിധിയാണ്‌ രാഷ്ട്രത്തലവൻ. സർക്കാരിൻറെ തലവൻ പ്രധാനമന്ത്രിയും. കൃഷിയും മത്സ്യബന്ധനവുമാണ്‌ ഇവിടത്തെ പ്രധാന വരുമാന മാർഗ്ഗങ്ങൾ

തുവാലു
Flag Coat of arms
ദേശീയ മുദ്രാവാക്യം: "Tuvalu mo te Atua"  (Tuvaluan) "Tuvalu for the Almighty"
ദേശീയ ഗാനം: Tuvalu mo te Atua  (Tuvaluan) Tuvalu for the Almighty Royal anthem: God Save the Queen
തലസ്ഥാനം	Funafuti
ഔദ്യോഗിക ഭാഷകൾ	Tuvaluan, English
നിവാസികളുടെ പേര്	Tuvaluan
ഭരണസമ്പ്രദായം	Parliamentary Democracy with a Constitutional monarchy
• Queen	Elizabeth II
• Governor General	Filoimea Telito
• Prime Minister	Apisai Ielemia
Independence
• from the UK	1 October 1978
വിസ്തീർണ്ണം
• ആകെ വിസ്തീർണ്ണം	26 km2 (10 sq mi) (226th)
•  ജലം (%)	negligible
ജനസംഖ്യ
• July 2007 estimate	11,992 (222nd)
•  ജനസാന്ദ്രത	441/km2 (1,142.2/sq mi) (22nd)
ജി.ഡി.പി. (PPP)	2002 estimate
• ആകെ	$14.94 million (228th)
• പ്രതിശീർഷം	$1,600 (2002 estimate) (unranked)
എച്ച്.ഡി.ഐ. (2003)	n/a Error: Invalid HDI value · n/a
നാണയവ്യവസ്ഥ	Tuvaluan dollar Australian dollar (AUD)
സമയമേഖല	UTC+12
കോളിംഗ് കോഡ്	688
ഇൻ്റർനെറ്റ് ഡൊമൈൻ	.tv

കൂടുതൽ വായനയ്ക്ക്

• Lonely Planet Guide: South Pacific & Micronesia, by various.ISBN 1786572184 ISBN 978-1786572189
• Chalkley, John, (1999) Vaitupu – two years on a remote Polynesian atoll, Matuku Publications. ISBN 9780953487608 ISBN 0953487601
• Ells, Philip, (2008) Where the Hell is Tuvalu? Virgin Books. ISBN 0753511304 ISBN 978-0753511305
• Watling, Dick, (2003) A Guide to the Birds of Fiji and Western Polynesia: Including American Samoa, Niue, Samoa, Tokelau, Tonga, Tuvalu and Wallis and Futuna, Environmental Consultants (Fiji) Ltd; 2nd edition. ISBN 9829030040 ISBN 9789829030047

Culture, Customs and Traditions

• Barkås, Sandra Iren, Alofa – Expressions of Love: Change and Continuity in Tuvalu (2013)
• Brady, Ivan, (1972) Kinship Reciprocity in the Ellice Islands, Journal of Polynesian Society 81:3, 290–316
• Brady, Ivan, (1974) Land Tenure in the Ellice Islands, in Henry P. Lundsaarde (ed). Land Tenure in Oceania, Honolulu, University Press of Hawaii. ISBN 0824803213 ISBN 9780824803216
• Chambers, Keith & Anne Chambers, (January 2001) Unity of Heart: Culture and Change in a Polynesian Atoll Society, Waveland Pr Inc. ISBN 1577661664 ISBN 978-1577661665
• Corlew, Laura Kati (മേയ് 2012). The cultural impacts of climate change (PDF) (Ph.D.). University of Hawaii. Retrieved 15 സെപ്റ്റംബർ 2016.
• Kennedy, Donald Gilbert, Field notes on the culture of Vaitupu, Ellice Islands (1931): Thomas Avery & Sons, New Plymouth, N.Z.
• Kennedy, Donald Gilbert, Land tenure in the Ellice Islands, Journal of the Polynesian Society., Vol. 64, no. 4 (Dec. 1953):348–358.
• Koch, Gerd, (1961) Die Materielle Kulture der Ellice-Inseln, Berlin: Museum fur Volkerkunde; The English translation by Guy Slatter, was published as The Material Culture of Tuvalu, University of the South Pacific in Suva (1981) ASIN B0000EE805.

History

• Hedley, Charles (1896). "General account of the Atoll of Funafuti" (PDF). Australian Museum Memoir. 3 (2): 1–72. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 ഒക്ടോബർ 2013. Retrieved 31 ജൂലൈ 2018.
• Tuvalu: A History (1983) Isala, Tito and Larcy, Hugh (eds.), Institute of Pacific Studies, University of the South Pacific and Government of Tuvalu.
• Bedford, R., Macdonald, B., & Munro, D., (1980) Population estimates for Kiribati and Tuvalu, 1850–1900: Review and speculation, Journal of the Polynesian Society, 89, 199–246.
• Bollard, AE., (1981) The financial adventures of J. C. Godeffroy and Son in the Pacific, Journal of Pacific History, 16: 3–19.
• Firth, S., (1973) German firms in the Western Pacific Islands, 1857–1914, Journal of Pacific History, 8: 10–28.
• Geddes, W. H., Chambers, A., Sewell, B., Lawrence, R., & Watters, R. (1982) Islands on the Line, team report. Atoll economy: Social change in Kiribati and Tuvalu, No. 1, Canberra: Australian National University, Development Studies Centre.
• Goodall, N. (1954) A history of the London Missionary Society 1895–1945, London: Oxford University Press.
• Macdonald, Barrie, (1971) Local government in the Gilbert and Ellice Islands 1892–1969 – part 1, Journal of Administration Overseas, 10, 280–293.
• Macdonald, Barrie, (1972) Local government in the Gilbert and Ellice Islands 1892–1969 – part 2, Journal of Administration Overseas, 11, 11–27.
• Macdonald, Barrie, (2001) Cinderellas of the Empire: towards a history of Kiribati and Tuvalu, Institute of Pacific Studies, University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji. ISBN 982-02-0335-X (Australian National University Press, first published 1982).
• Munro, D, Firth, S., (1986) Towards colonial protectorates: the case of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands, Australian Journal of Politics and History, 32: 63–71.
• Maude, H. E., (1949) The Co-operative Movement in the Gilbert and Ellice Islands (Technical Paper No. 1), South Pacific Commission, Sydney.
• Suamalie N.T. Iosefa, Doug Munro, Niko Besnier, (1991) Tala O Niuoku, Te: the German Plantation on Nukulaelae Atoll 1865–1890, Published by the Institute of Pacific Studies. ISBN 9820200733.
• Pulekai A. Sogivalu, (1992) A Brief History of Niutao, Published by the Institute of Pacific Studies. ISBN 982020058X.

Language

• Vaiaso ote Gana, Tuvalu Language Week Education Resource 2016 (New Zealand Ministry for Pacific Peoples) Archived 2020-03-07 at the Wayback Machine.
• Besnier, Niko, (1995) Literacy, Emotion and Authority: Reading and Writing on a Polynesian Atoll, Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521485398 ISBN 978-0521485395
• Besnier, Niko, (2000) Tuvaluan: A Polynesian Language of the Central Pacific. (Descriptive Grammars) Routledge ISBN 0415024560 ISBN 978-0415024563.
• Jackson, Geoff W. & Jenny Jackson, (1999) An Introduction to Tuvaluan. ISBN 9829027023 ISBN 978-9829027023.
• Jackson, Geoff W., (1994) Te Tikisionale O Te Gana Tuvalu, A Tuvaluan-English Dictionary, Suva, Fiji, Oceania Printers. ASIN: B0006F7FNY
• Kennedy, Donald Gilbert, Te ngangana a te Tuvalu – Handbook on the language of the Ellice Islands (1946) Websdale, Shoosmith, Sydney N.S.W.

Music and Dance

• Christensen, Dieter, (1964) Old Musical Styles in the Ellice Islands, Western Polynesia, Ethnomusicology, 8:1, 34–40.
• Christensen, Dieter and Gerd Koch, (1964) Die Musik der Ellice-Inseln, Berlin: Museum fur Volkerkunde.
• Koch, Gerd, (2000) Songs of Tuvalu (translated by Guy Slatter), Institute of Pacific Studies, University of the South Pacific. ISBN 9820203147 ISBN 978-9820203143

• Te Kakeega III – National Strategy for Sustainable Development-2016-2020
• Tuvalu from UCB Libraries GovPubs
• തുവാലു ഓപ്പൺ ഡയറക്റ്ററി പ്രൊജക്റ്റിൽ
• Tuvalu profile from the BBC News
• Tuvalu entry at The World Factbook
•   Wiki Atlas of Tuvalu

ഓഷ്യാനിയയുടെ ഭൂമിശാസ്ത്രവുമായി ബന്ധപ്പെട്ട ഈ ലേഖനം അപൂർണ്ണമാണ്‌. ഇതു വികസിപ്പിക്കുവാൻ സഹായിക്കുക.