Argentina

 

 

Matakalay a sowal Pakayni'ay i Arcincin(阿根廷概論)

Ira ko 23 ko kasasiromaroma pikowan ato Poinoayris(布宜諾斯艾利斯) Niyapikowan a kapolongan a kitakit. Itiniay i satimolan no Satimolay Amirik(南美洲) ko kaitiraan, maaro’ay ko ’emin no sacidem no cikiw, i saka’amisan i, o Poliwoya (玻利維亞) ato Palakoy (巴拉圭), i kawanan no saka’amis o Poraciro, i sakawali i, o Urakoy (烏拉圭) ato Satimolan-Taysiyo, i saka’etip i, o Cili (智利) kofiyaw, misi’ayaway to Toriki a kihaw. O kakahad no pala i, 2,780,400 kiro, sakafalo no polong no kitakit i sekar, sakatosa i Latin-Amirika. O sa’alomanay ko tamdaw to pasowalay to Sipanya a sowal. O romi’ami’ad i, ma’eminay ko kasasiromaroma a romi’ad i tini. O teroc no cikiw, Fokolan-Kanatanatal (福克蘭群島) (o Mawinasu-Kanatanatal hananay no Arkuncina a pangangan 阿根廷稱馬爾維納斯群島), katimolay a Ciociya (南喬治亞島) ato Sanwici-Kanatanatal (南桑威奇群島), “o no niyam konini a pala” sanay.

Pakapunkaen i, tada talolongay ko piniri no Akuncin to Yoropa, nawhani, o misatokayay a lekakawa nangra matiya o no Yoropa ko pinangan.1 Pakisyakay a ’orip, o kyoiku ato bunka, o patiyamay ato likec no kitakit tadatakalaway ko kafangcal. Nani tato’asan, o itelongay ko kacicedi no Akuncin, i polong a kitakit,2 o tadatata’angay a kitakit, i satimolan Amirika.3 O patirengay to Lenhoko, o kapolongan a kinko no kalokitakit, o kapolongan a pacakayay to maamaan i satimolan, malakapotay a kitakit no stimolan Amirika, o cecay no Karupi Kitakit ato masakapotay no Ipiriya a Saopo. Nano liteng o satata’angay a maomahay ko ’orip nona kitakit, o safa’elohay a malatata’ang a kitakit. O kapot no 20 a satata’angay a kitakit a Saopo, i satimolan Amirika i, o sakatolo ko katata’ang no kicay. Nikawria, pakitinien i ’icel to picakay to maamaan i, i safa to mamang to saktakalaway a kitakit, mikapot to Cili ato Urakuy i Sakaceay Saopo no satimolan Amirika, matiya o satimolan no Yoropa ko katakalaw no ’orip. Nikawrira, ano ca acaay ka lecad ko nipili’etan caay ka matiya o no satimolan kitakit ko kasatiwtiw.

Ona palapalan i tini i, mahera ko no tadamatelangay a naikoran no to’as a tamdaw toya o fokeloh ho ko sapidemak to maaman, o mihecan nonini i, i ayaw no 260 ’ofad anoca 250 ’ofad ko katelang no miheca. Toyanan sato satapang a micowatan ko Sipanya i 1522–miheca. Nani 1810 tahira 1925–miheca, malalood to Sipanya to sapi’alaaw to Niyah Pikowan, toyaan sato i 1816–miheca o kapolongan no Lapolata a ngangan ko sapalosyang to «Niyah Pikowan a sowal», aro’ han to no Akuncin a tamdaw koya mi’ecoan no Sipanya a sera, nikawrira, i ikor to a lalood to Porutokaro ato Sipanya masawad ko Ulakuy, Poliwya ato Peru. Nanoyanan sato, malalid ho ko lafawfaw no kitakit. I 1861–miheca malowid no Poinoayres ko Kapolongan Sifo, tidapi sato koya fafaloay a sakowan a malacecay sato to Arkuncin-Kapolongan-Kitakit. O tamdaw no itiniay i, onao mafolaway nani Yoropa, kalakayakay han to no ikor a tamdaw masacofacofay. Tadakali’eki ko katenak no maamaan sa I 20seki tiring sato I sakapito a cihafayay a polong kitaki. Nikawrira, nani 1930miheca mafeleh no sofitay ko sifo awa sato ko kahaneknek no sici, matongal ho to kaawa no maamaan sano yanan sato a tatiih ko ’orip.

I 'ayaw ni Kolongpo a miheca(前哥倫布時代)

I tiya ho i, katelangan fokefokelohan a mihecaheca(舊石器時代), i tatelongan fokefokelohan a mihecaheca(中石器時代) ato i fa’elohay fokefokelohan a mihecaheca i(新石器時代), iraay to i Akuncin ko naripa’an no tamdaw. I ’ayaw no kapicowat no Yoropa a tamdaw tayni tona sera amiripa’, tona awaay ko tolas ko kakahad a sera, adhihay to nika tenak no kasasiromaroma a bunka, sisiren i tolo ko kasaikeiked:

O sa’ayaway a mi’adopay ato mipitpitay to dafong no kinairaira no palapalaan a tamdaw. Caayay ho kapakapisanga’ to koreng, onini a tamdaw i, itiraay i tadasatimolan, o Saykonamoh ato Yakun a tamdaw.

Sakatosa i, o citanengay a mi’adopay ato mipitpitay to dafong no kinairaira no palapalaan a tamdaw. Ya i telongay ko aro’ Poayci, Kolanti ato i tokotokosay a tamdaw, ira ho i satimolan, ya Towici tamdaw, o ninian a tamtamdaw i, makowan no Akuncin ato Mapoci tamdaw.

Yo sakatolo i, o citanengay to a misanga’ to kolong a tamdaw, i ka’ami’amis no sawalian a maro’ay Caruwa, Minowany, ato Kwalani a tamdaw, iraay to ko fonos nangra, miilohan ko pikamaomah, samisi ho a misaceay to aro’ ko ’orip ngara. Yo itiraay i, ka’ami’amis no sa’etip a maro’ay, Tiyacita a tamdaw, i mimali’acay to ko bunka nangra. I ’ayaw no 1480–miheca, makowan no Inka Hongti; o Tokotono ato Komicinko a tamdaw i, i terongay no kitakit ko aro’ nangra, ya itiraay i sa’eti’etipan no taterongan a Warpi tamdaw, o mipakaenay to siri ko ’orip nangra, macara no Inka a tamdaw ko ’orip nangra.

 

Niyahpikowan ato lalood i Laloma'(獨立和內戰)

O sakalima folad pifelih ato lalood to saka niyahpikowan, o laylay demak no Akuncin to pi’afas nani Sotok-Pikowan. I tiya 1810–miheca, 5–folad 25–romi’ad, o satapangan a Kokumindaihyo (Kotadaihyo) ko mifalicay to Sisoros Sotok, ta mapatireng ko fa’elohay a Poinosayris sifo, o finawlan no Akuncin ko patirengay. I tiya toya laloma’ay lalood malowid nangra koya mitokeray ci Kortowa. I sawli , I fafa’eday Piru ato Palakuy a mitokeray malowid aca ko Sipanya, o ninian kasacecacecay a pala i, to ikor to i sa’ike’iked sato a malakitakit.

O mifelihay a sofitay malikatosa a matatoker, ona tosa i, o cecay i, o mitekeday to sakowan a cefang, o roma i, o mipolongay to sakowan a cefang, o kalali’is nangra i, o kalotayal hananay i pitekaay no lalood to sapi’ala to niyahpikowan. Tangasa to i 1813–miheca, toro’ hanto ci Kowasi･Antongni･To･Pisatas(格瓦西奧·安東尼奧·德·波薩達斯) malasakakaay a mikowanay tapang. 1816–miheca pikaykian no Tokoman mipasadak to «Niyahpikowan Sowal», micamol ko Lapolata a sakowan to nini. To ikor to cecay a miheca, matapi’ ni Mating･Mikor･Koaymiso(馬丁·米格爾·古埃梅斯) koya ci’icelay a midama to hongti. Ci Hosi･To･Sinmating(荷西·德·聖馬丁) o tapang no sofitay milakowit to Antis a lotolotokan a milood to, ta mapa’ading ningra ko niyahpikowa no Cili. Ikor to, o nikeridan ningra a sofitay matapi’ ho ningra ko i tiraay maro’ i Lima a sofitay no Sipanya, orasaka, pahapinang to niyahpikowan no Piru. 1819–miheca Poinosayris sifo misanga’ to Mitekeday-Pikowan a kinpo, caka pina ko romi’ad mapalahedaw no Finawlan-Pikowan a cefang.]

I 1820–miheca, malalood i Sipita ko Mitekeday-Pikowan cefang ato Finawlan-Pikowan a cefang. I 1826–miheca, Poinosayris miliyaw heca a misanga’ to roma a kinpo, matoro’ ci Pinatino･liwatawi a malacongtong. Nikawrira, o miliyasay to riyar a sakowan i caay pihay, sa mapalasawad ko kalacongton mapalasawad koya misanga’an a kinpo. Orasak, malaliyaw heca ko lalood nona tosa a cefang. Ya ci’icelay a cefang i, tangsol sato a misanga’ a patireng to faelohay a Akuncin kitakit, o ’icel sato ko sapi’enec toya mico’a’angay a cefang, ci Foan･Manniw･Ti･Losas ko malakakeridan. Cingra to ko misatapangay to micowatay Intian a lalood tahira i raay, misakakahad to cikatingki no sera. Nikawrira, o siiked sanay ko pili’etan a mili’aca a demak i, mapaketer ko Ikilis ato Fulanso ato miliyasay to riyar a sakowan, sa itira to a tatootoor sato ko pipala’efef no Fulaso ato kalacafay no Fulanso ato Ikilis a mipala’efef to Akuncin, awaaw sato ko pakayraan no Akuncin.

Tahira sato i 1852–miheca, ira ho ko roma ikakaay ko ’icel a kakeridan no sofitay ci Fosato･Hosi･Ti･Orcisa felihen ningra ko ka’ayaway a congtong ta malacongton, to ikor misanga’ to kinpo i 1853–miheca, sa laheci sato ko katomireng no naifaloco’an ato nikapolongan a lekakawa no kitakit. Naoninian ko sakalahedaw no dafong no Poinosayris sifo, sa liyas sato to nikapolongan, tahira to i 1859-miheca ko kalalood ta malowad ko Poinosayris sifo.

Ngangan no Kitakit (國家名稱)

Nona ngangan tona Akuncin sanay i, nani tiniay i sowal no Rating kohecalay ’ekim (Argentum), pakafit han to pasifafahiyan a ikor Argentina hananay to a mipangangan. Sa’ayaway a matilid i tatipelok i, pasafafaw ci Martín del Barco Centenera a mitilidan ’olic Arkuncin ato ya picowat to Raporata ’Alo, sa mahapinang nani tiniay i sowal no Sipanya Río de la Plata sanay a tilid, o imi no nini i, o “’Alo no Fodawan” sanay. Ira koya misasolapay to palapalaan, ci Foan･Tiyas･Tosoris ato kapot ningra o sa’ayaway miripa’ay tona sera, i tiya a paka’araw to cikadangay to fodawan a Carowa tamdaw, i tini a pakaso’elin iraay i fafaw nona ’alo ko adihayay a fodawan sanay a kitoh no mato’asay, haen hanto ita a pangangan kona kitakit to Arkucon sato ko piketon to pipangangan. Orasaka, ko tadapangangan to no tapang no Sipanya i, o Raporata Tatapangan Sakowan, yasato patireng to kitaki i, Raporata Kapolongan Sakowan (paisowal no Sipanya i: Provincias Unidas del Río de la Plata), ano sanasanay ko pangangan i, i 18–seki matenakay to Arkuncin sanay a ngangan.

Pikowanan no Sipanya(西班牙殖民時代)

I 1502–miheca, o citanengay to no riyar ci Yamiriko･Oysopoci(亞美利哥·韋斯普奇) ato kapot ningra ko sa’ayaway a miripa’ tona sera. O tada citaminaay a tamdaw no Sipanya ci Hoan･Tiyas･Tosris(胡安·迪亞斯·德索利斯) aci Saypasotian･Kapoto(塞巴斯蒂安·卡伯特) matatoor i 1516–miheca ato 1526–miheca a tahini tona pala. Tahira to i 1536–miheca, ci Pitoro･Tomontosa(佩德羅·德門多薩) patireng to mamangay niyaro’ i Poinosayris(布宜諾斯艾利斯), aro’ sato initi. I ikor i, mafolaw no i tiniay a yuencimin, saka sawad sato a maro’ i tona niyaro’.

O mangarefay a picowat a mikowan i, nani tiniay i Palakuy, Peru ato Cili. Ci Forangsisuko･Toyaciroy patireng to Sanciyako-Toroyastoro a niyaro. I ikor to, madadoedo a patireng to niyaro’. I 1558–miheca, o Lontoriso, i 1561–miheca, o Montosa, i 1562–miheca, o Sinfoan, i 1565–miheca, o Sinmikoro-Tokoman, i 1573–miheca ci Foan･To･Karoy patireng to Sinfoy, toya miheca ci Horonimo･Rois･Tokoforoyra a mipatirengay to Kortowa niyaro. Tahira to i 1580–miheca, miliyaw a patireng ci Karoynasya to Poinosayris. To ikor to, nga’ mapatireng sato ko Sinroys a niyaro’ i 1596–miheca.

Ano patapiri’en ato Porioya ato Peru, ci dafong to tada ’ekim ato kohecalay ’ekim, Akuncin i manikaway to hatiniay a tada dafong, saka caay ka i mata no Hongti no Sipanya. Onini koya caho ka patireng to hatatapangan a tokay no kitakit ko Poinosayris sanay i 1776–miheca, o pecih a sakowan no Peru koni a pala.

I Poinosayris kinatosa a pakalowid to pilood no Ikiris i 1806–miheca ato 1807–miheca, na micomod ko mipalalay to faloco’ ato mili’etanay a harateng, sacifaloco’ to ko finawlan to pipacoli to Teked Sakowan sanay a sici, i tiya sato, milood ci Napolyon to Sipanya, o Akuncin ato polong mikowanan no Sipanya a niyaro’, misaharateng o nini ko matatodongay a romi’ad to sapisanga’aw to niya pikowan sanay a tata’angay demak.

Masakilac ko sera, o malo kakaomahen a sera 53.90%, malo no kilakilangan a sera 10.70%, malo no roma to a sera 35.40%.

O Buenos Aires ko Siyoto.

Pihiratengan no kitakit a romi’ad i, saka 5-folad saka 25-romi’ad.

O Sawara’an no kitakit anini i, ci Mauricio Macri, patirengan a romi’ad i 2015 a miheca saka 12–folad saka 10–romi’ad.

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