Isifo Sephepha

Besisaya kubizwa njengesifo esingubhubhane.

Isifo sephepha sibangelwa ziintlobo ezininzi zeimycobacteria, nesaziwa njengesifosephepha esiyi Mycobacterium. Esi sifo sihlasela imiphunga, kodwa sisenokuhlasela namanye amalungu omzimba. Le ntsholongwane ihamba ngomoya ize sasazeke ngokusuka komnye umntu iye komnye, ngamanye amazwi iyosulela. Oku kwenzeka xa umntu onesi sifo ekhohlela, ethimla, okanye etsica/ethufa. Phakathi kwabantu abahlanu nabalishumi babonakalisa iimpawu zesi sifo, kwikhulu ngalinye labantu abosulelekileyo esi sifo. Kwaba bantu, esi sifo kuthiwa siyaphila. Isifo sephepha sibulala abantu abangaphezulu kwesiqingatha. Aba ke ngabantu abathi bosulelekile nje babe bengekho phantsi konyango.

 

Ukubonwa kweTB ephilayo emntwini kuxhomekeke kwiradiology esithi ngugesi ngesiXhosa. Oogqirha bajonga isifuba somntu kwiX-ray eyaziwa ngokuba ngugesi ngesiXhosa. Kutsho kuthiwe umntu uye egesini. Ngaphezu koko, bayawuhlola umzimba bejonga okokuba unamanzi kangakanani na. La manzi aneemicrobe kuwo, ezikhula kwiicell cultures. Iicell cultures zona ziyajongwa zogocwagocwe kujongwa okokuba akosulelekanga ngeTb na umntu.

Ukuba isigulana sineTB kodwa sibe singabonakalisi zimpawu zayo, intsholongwane kuthiwa 'ikhona kodwa ayibonakali'. Oogqirha basebenzisa isikhumba uvavanyo ekuthiwa yi-Mantoux test, ukufumana iTB ethi ikho nje ibe ingabonakali. Basoloko behlola negazi.

Lukhona ugonyo oluthi lwenziwe ukulwa iindlela ezithile zesifo sephepha. Kuthiwa lugonyo lwebacillus Calmette–Guérin.

Isifo sephepha sasisoloko sinyangwa lula ngepilisi ezibulala nezinyanga iintsholongwane. Kodwa ke ngoku intsholongwane inenkani ayishukunyiswa zezi pilisi. Le nkani ke yenza okokuba kubenzima ukunyanga esi sifo. Iintlobo ezininzi zezi pilisi kufuneka zisetyenziswe sisigulana ixesha elide. Kukho olunye uhlobo lwesifo sephepha olunenkani kakhulu kuzo zonke iziyobisi ezikhoyo.

 

Iingcali zikholelwa ekubeni isiqingatha sesithathu kuluntu lwehlabathi losulelwe ngesi sifo seM. tuberculosis. Usulelo olutsha lwenzeka kumntu ngamnye ngomzuzwana nje. Ngo-2007, zizigidi ezingamalunga ne-13.7 zabantu ababambeke kakhulu sesi sifo kwihlabathi lonke jikelele. Ngo-2010, bamalunga ne-8.8 million abantu abasaqalwa sesi sifo, kanti ke phantse ngama-1.5 million abantu abathe basutywa kukufa ngenxa yesi sifo, uninzi lwabo lukumazwe asakhasayo . Inani leziganeko zesifo sephepha belisoloko lisehla okokoko kwango-2006, yaza nemitsha imibandela ngesi sifo yehla ukususela ngo-2002.

Isifo sephepha asenzeki ngesantya esinye kwihlabathi. Zingamashumi asibhozo iiphesenti zoluntu kumazwe aseAsia naseAfrika abathe bahlolwa baze bafunyaniswa enaso esi sifo, kodwa zintlanu ukuya kwishumi iiphesenti kumazwe aseMelika. Abantu bahlala befumana isifo sephepha ngenxa yokuwa kwenjini ezilawula imizimba yabo. Abantu abaninzi abaphila neHIV kunye neAIDS bangasifumana isifo sephepha.