I-Oxidation State
I-Oxidation state ibhekisa kwinani lee-electrons elongezwe okanye esuswe kwi-element.
I-metal ye-Sodium, umzekelo, ine-oxidation state esingu 0 kwi-elemental state. Kodwa ithi yakukhupha i-valence yayo enye (ngaphandle) ye-electron (ebonakaliswa ngo-e-), iyajika ibe yi-sodium ion ene-oxidation state sika-+1. I-Iron ngomnye umzekelo. Ingaphuncukana nee-electrons ezimbini, itsho yenze i-oxidation state engu- +2; okanye ingaphuncukana nezi-3, kutsho kwenzeke i-oxidation state ka-+3.
Ukuba ii-elements zifumana ii-electrons,zibane oxidation states e-negative. I-chlorine ifumana i-electron, yenza i-ion enye. Ukuba i-sulfur ifumana ii-electrons ezimbini, yenza -2 ion.
I-oxidation state ibonisa inombolo yee-atoms zezinye ii-elements ezixhumene ne-atom.
Zonke ii-elements zine-oxidation state esingu-0.
- I-oxygen inenani-oxidation number engu-2 kwinkoliso yemidibaniso ngaphandle kwe-peroxides apho inenani le-oxidation engu-1.
- I-hydrogen has oxidation state engu +1 kwimidibaniso emininzi ngaphandle kwee-elements ze-electropositive: i-Na.
- Ii-metals ze-alkali earth zine- oxidation state engu+2
- Ii-ametals ze-lkali zine-oxidation state engu-+1
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