चीन

Hindi edit

Hindi Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia hi

Etymology edit

Borrowed from Sanskrit चीन (cīna).

Pronunciation edit

  • (Delhi Hindi) IPA(key): /t͡ʃiːn/, [t͡ʃĩːn]

Proper noun edit

चीन (cīnm (Urdu spelling چین)

  1. China (a country in Asia)

Declension edit

Marathi edit

Marathi Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia mr

Etymology edit

Borrowed from Sanskrit चीन (cīna).

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): /t͡ɕin/, [t͡ɕiːn]

Proper noun edit

चीन (cīnn

  1. China (a country in Asia)

Derived terms edit

See also edit

References edit

  • Berntsen, Maxine, “चीन”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies, 1982-1983.

Nepali edit

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): [t͡sin]
  • Phonetic Devanagari: चिन्

Proper noun edit

चीन (cīn)

  1. China

Declension edit

Declension of चीन
Singular
nominativeचीन [t͡sin]
accusativeचीनलाई [t͡sinläi]
instrumental/ergativeचीनले [t͡sinle]
dativeचीनलाई [t͡sinläi]
ablativeचीनबाट [t͡sinnoʈʌ]
genitiveचीनको [t͡sinko]
locativeचीनमा [t͡sinmä]
Notes:
  • -को (-ko) becomes:
    • -का (-kā) when followed by a plural noun.
    • -की (-kī) when followed by a feminine noun.

Newar edit

Etymology edit

Ultimately from Sanskrit चीन (cīna)

Pronunciation edit

Proper noun edit

चीन (cīna? (Newa Spelling 𑐔𑐷𑐣)

  1. China

Sanskrit edit

Alternative forms edit

  • चीण (cīṇa)

Alternative scripts edit

Etymology edit

Uncertain, but usually held to derive from Old Chinese (*zin) (sm Qín, mc d͡ziɪn, oc *zin, "Qin"), the westernmost ancient Chinese state.[1][2][3] Other theories have been proposed, including derivation from (jìn) (sm Jìn, mc t͡siɪn, oc *ʔsins, "Jin"), another important ancient state;[4] (jīng) (sm Jīng, mc kˠiæŋ, oc *keŋ, "Chu"), the southernmost ancient Chinese state;[5] or Zina, the endonym of the people of the Yelang kingdom.[5] See "Names of China" and "Chinas" at Wikipedia.

Pronunciation edit

Proper noun edit

चीन (cīnam

  1. the Cīna or China (name of a people attested in classical literature, often identified as the Chinese)
    • c. 200 BCE – 200 CE, Manusmṛti 10.44:
      पौण्ड्रकाश्चौड्रद्रविडाः काम्बोजा यवनाः शकाः ।
      पारदापह्लवाश्चीनाः किराता दरदाः खशाः ॥
      pauṇḍrakāścauḍradraviḍāḥ kāmbojā yavanāḥ śakāḥ .
      pāradāpahlavāścīnāḥ kirātā daradāḥ khaśāḥ .
      the Paundrakas, the Kodas, the Dravidas, the Kambojas, the Yavanas, the Sakas,
      the Paradas, the Pahlavas, the Cinas, the Kiratas, the Daradas, and the Khasas.
    • c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata 5.19.15:
      तस्य चीनैः किरातैश्च काञ्चनैरिव संवृतम् ।
      बभौ बलमनाधृष्यं कर्णिकारवनं यथा ॥
      tasya cīnaiḥ kirātaiśca kāñcanairiva saṃvṛtam .
      babhau balamanādhṛṣyaṃ karṇikāravanaṃ yathā .
      Thronged with the Cīnas and the Kirātas, all as if (clad in) gold,
      His unassailable army radiated (a splendour) like a forest of bayur trees.
    • c. 500 BCE – 100 BCE, Rāmāyaṇa 4.44.14
    • c. 600 BCE – 200 BCE, Caraka
    • 550 CE, Varāhamihira, Bṛhat Saṃhitā

Declension edit

Masculine a-stem declension of चीन (cīna)
SingularDualPlural
Nominativeचीनः
cīnaḥ
चीनौ / चीना¹
cīnau / cīnā¹
चीनाः / चीनासः¹
cīnāḥ / cīnāsaḥ¹
Vocativeचीन
cīna
चीनौ / चीना¹
cīnau / cīnā¹
चीनाः / चीनासः¹
cīnāḥ / cīnāsaḥ¹
Accusativeचीनम्
cīnam
चीनौ / चीना¹
cīnau / cīnā¹
चीनान्
cīnān
Instrumentalचीनेन
cīnena
चीनाभ्याम्
cīnābhyām
चीनैः / चीनेभिः¹
cīnaiḥ / cīnebhiḥ¹
Dativeचीनाय
cīnāya
चीनाभ्याम्
cīnābhyām
चीनेभ्यः
cīnebhyaḥ
Ablativeचीनात्
cīnāt
चीनाभ्याम्
cīnābhyām
चीनेभ्यः
cīnebhyaḥ
Genitiveचीनस्य
cīnasya
चीनयोः
cīnayoḥ
चीनानाम्
cīnānām
Locativeचीने
cīne
चीनयोः
cīnayoḥ
चीनेषु
cīneṣu
Notes
  • ¹Vedic

Descendants edit

  • Niya Prakrit: 𐨕𐨁𐨣 (cina), 𐨕𐨁𐨎𐨣 (ciṃna)
  • Middle Persian: 𐭰𐭩𐭭 (čīn)
  • Middle Chinese: 支那 (MC tsye na)
  • Malay: Cina
  • Malayalam: ചീന (cīna)
  • Telugu: చీనా (cīnā)
  • Kannada: ಚೀನಾ (cīnā)

Noun edit

चीन (cīna) stemn

  1. a bandage for the corners of the eyes

Declension edit

Neuter a-stem declension of चीन (cīna)
SingularDualPlural
Nominativeचीनम्
cīnam
चीने
cīne
चीनानि / चीना¹
cīnāni / cīnā¹
Vocativeचीन
cīna
चीने
cīne
चीनानि / चीना¹
cīnāni / cīnā¹
Accusativeचीनम्
cīnam
चीने
cīne
चीनानि / चीना¹
cīnāni / cīnā¹
Instrumentalचीनेन
cīnena
चीनाभ्याम्
cīnābhyām
चीनैः / चीनेभिः¹
cīnaiḥ / cīnebhiḥ¹
Dativeचीनाय
cīnāya
चीनाभ्याम्
cīnābhyām
चीनेभ्यः
cīnebhyaḥ
Ablativeचीनात्
cīnāt
चीनाभ्याम्
cīnābhyām
चीनेभ्यः
cīnebhyaḥ
Genitiveचीनस्य
cīnasya
चीनयोः
cīnayoḥ
चीनानाम्
cīnānām
Locativeचीने
cīne
चीनयोः
cīnayoḥ
चीनेषु
cīneṣu
Notes
  • ¹Vedic

References edit

  1. ^ Dr M. R. Singh (1972) Geographical Data in Early Puranas, pages 172
  2. ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (2001), “cīna-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎[1] (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 191
  3. ^ Yule, Henry (2005) Cathay and the Way Thither[2], →ISBN, pages 2–3
  4. ^ Zhengzhang, Shangfang (鄭張尚芳) (2006), “古译名勘原辨讹五例 [A correction of the erroneous etymologic analyses on five ancient translated names]”, in 中国语文 (in Chinese), volume 315, →ISSN, pages 541–549
  5. 5.0 5.1 Wade Geoff (2009-05), “The Polity of Yelang and the Origin of the Name 'China'”, in Sino-Platonic Papers[3], issue 188