Patis Hengak Kkklangan
Patis hengak kkklangan (Kari Amerika: International Phonetic Alphabet, ngayan puto IPA) we, kingal patis pnstiyu hengak.
Spatis daha mllamu hnghengak bobo dheran nii na seediq knkela krkari ka patis hengak kkklangan nii. Cikau patis nii ka kana seediq knkela krkari kkklangan, kika, mntena ka kana patis daha. Nngalan daha pheyu patis hengak kkklangan nii ka Patis Roma (Patis Latin) ma Patis Griik, uxe de, snlmeyan daha tikuh patis bgurah.
Rekisi ma pnyahan
Knkawas 1888, tgkingal tkriyak ka patis hengak kkklangan. Ciida, kingal seediq knkela krkari, Pol Pasi ngayan na, dmudul mptgesa kari pneeyah Inggulis ma Hransu pheyu tgkingal IPA. Niqan dnyagan na Pssliyan Slluhe Knklaan Hengak Kkklangan ka dheya duri. IPA cnkau ta saya we, snlmeyan knkawas 2005.
Pgklaun IPA
Ga truma IPA, egu riyung patis mntena patis Latin, so ka [p], [b], [t], [d], [k], [g], [m], [n], [f], [v], [s], [h], [z], [l], [w], mghengak na kari Amerika ka hengak laqi nii. So ka [a], [e], [i], [o], [u]..., psdaling kari Espenio ka hengak bubu nii.
Niqan duma patis mntena patis Latin, ani si, hengak daha we ini kghengak kari Amerika, so ka [j], [r], [c], [y]. Ini pneeyah kari Amarika ka patis so nii, so ka:
- Hengak na [j] we, msdaling daka "j" na kari Jer-men, ini kgkari Amerika. "Y" na "Yes" ga truma kari Amerika hndure we, hengak so [j] nii.
- Hengak na [y] we, msdaling daka "ㄩ(ü)" na kari Telu. Ini pntena kari Amerika.
Gaya na cikau IPA we, "1 patis 1 pusu hengak", ini pntena so "sh", "th" na kari Amerika, nngalan daha pndungus 1 hengak ka 2 patis.
Ga truma IPA, knpryexan daha hnyegan na duma patis Latin smalu patis bgurah, so ka N/n→[ɲ], [ɳ], [ŋ], [ɴ]...
Kntteyan ta qmita patis nmalan baro/toma/berah/bukuy patis IPA. So ka [n̥], nrutiq ka hengak laqi [n], bobo umal [͏◌̥] de, mdheriq di. Niqan kingal so [aː] dungan, dungus na [ː] we, pkbaro hengak [a].
Mesa ka Pssliyan Slluhe Knklaan Hengak Kkklangan, matis ta IPA de, malu ka cikau "[ ]". Ado ka ini pntena "[ ]" daka "/ /", mangal ta "[ ]" pnstiyu hengak dgehing , "/ / " pntsiyu hengak gheti.
Klkulu IPA
Hengak laqi (pneeyah baraq)
| hengak | pdahung | ludux hema | bukuy hema | gelu | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| daha pdahung (dada.) | rupun daka pdahung (ruda.) | rupun | kurang rupun (kuru.) | bukuy kurang (buku.) | sekur hema(sema.) | kurang | kurang mhenuk(kunuk.) | beluh gelu(bgelu.) | pusu beluh gelu(pbelu.) | gemuk gelu(gegu.) | neluk hengak(lungak.) | |||||
| mperuq | p b | t d | ʈ ɖ | c ɟ | k ɡ | q ɢ | ||||||||||
| muhing | m | ɱ | n | ɳ | ɲ | ŋ | ɴ | |||||||||
| plhelah | ʙ | r | ʀ | |||||||||||||
| tmapaq | ⱱ | ɾ | ɽ | |||||||||||||
| smerus | ɸ β | f v | θ ð | s z | ʃ ʒ | ʂ ʐ | ç ʝ | x ɣ | ʁ | ʕ | ʢ | h ɦ | ||||
| psdaling | ʋ | ɹ | ɻ | j | ɰ | |||||||||||
| smerus kssiyo | ɬ ɮ | |||||||||||||||
| psdaling kssiyo | l | ɭ | ʎ | ʟ | ||||||||||||
| tmapaq kssiyo | ɺ | |||||||||||||||
- Patis hengak ga truma kulu mntena, so ka " ɸ β", ga iril we hengak laqi mdheriq, ga narac we hengak laqi rutiq.
- Nasi mgqbulic ka rako na kulu, kika uka ta brahan smalu ka hengak gaga peni.
| ɕ ʑ | Hengak smerus kuru.-kurang |
|---|---|
| ɧ | Hengak sj |
| ɫ | Hengak psdaling kssiyo kuru. nkunuk. |
| ɥ | Hengak psdaling kurang ndada. |
| ʍ w | Hengak psdaling dada.-kunuk. |
| dada. | ruda. | rupun | kuru. | kssiyo kuru. | buku | sema | kuru.-kurang | kurang | kunuk. | bgelu. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| mdheriq | p͡ɸ | p̪͡f | t͡θ | t͡s | t͡ɬ | t͡ʃ | ʈ͡ʂ | t͡ɕ | c͡ç | k͡x | q͡χ |
| rutiq | b͡β | b̪͡v | d͡ð | d͡z | d͡ɮ | d͡ʒ | ɖ͡ʐ | d͡ʑ | ɟ͡ʝ | ɡ͡ɣ | ɢ͡ʁ |
| k͡p ɡ͡b | Hengak mperuq dada.-kunuk. |
|---|---|
| ŋ͡m | Hengak muhing dada.-kunuk. |
Hengak laqi (ini pneeyah baraq)
| ʘ | dada. |
|---|---|
| ǀ | rupun |
| ǃ | kuru. |
| ǂ | kurang |
| ǁ | kssiyo kuru. |
| ɓ | dada. |
|---|---|
| ɗ̪ | rupun |
| ɗ | kuru. |
| ᶑ | sema. |
| ʄ | kurang |
| ɠ | kunuk. |
| ʛ | bgelu. |
| pʼ | dada. |
|---|---|
| t̪ʼ | rupun |
| tʼ | kuru. |
| ʈʼ | sema. |
| cʼ | kurang |
| kʼ | kunuk. |
| qʼ | bgelu |
| sʼ | smerus kuru. |
Hengak bubu
Patis hengak ga truma kulu mntena, so ka " i y", ga iril we (hengak bubu) mtbale, ga narac we (hengak bubu) mtumun.
| Berah | beka. | Ckceka | buka. | Bukuy | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| lneban | i y | ɨ ʉ | ɯ u | ||
| lneban tikuh | ɪ ʏ | ɪ̈ ʊ̈ | ɯ̽ ʊ | ||
| lneban 1/2 | e ø | ɘ ɵ | ɤ o | ||
| Ckceka | e̞ ø̞ | ə | ɤ̞ o̞ | ||
| rnwahan 1/2 | ɛ œ | ɜ ɞ | ʌ ɔ | ||
| rnwahan tikuh | æ | ɐ | |||
| rnwahan | a ɶ | ä | ɑ ɒ |
Pndngusan（註釋）
Lntudan nganguc（外部連結）
This article uses material from the Wikipedia Taroko article Patis hengak kkklangan, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 license ("CC BY-SA 3.0"); additional terms may apply (view authors). Rahuq nan ii o niqan kingal duri pgkla, aji saw kiya do ruwan ruwahan patas dmuuy kana CC BY-SA 4.0 gaya mgay biyax kklawa. Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.
®Wikipedia is a registered trademark of the Wiki Foundation, Inc. Wiki Taroko (DUHOCTRUNGQUOC.VN) is an independent company and has no affiliation with Wiki Foundation.