Outgroup (cladistics)
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In cladistics or phylogenetics, an outgroup is a more distantly related group of organisms that serves as a reference group when determining the evolutionary...- Outgroup may refer to: Outgroup (cladistics), an evolutionary-history concept Outgroup (sociology), a social group This disambiguation page lists articles...
nucleic acid sequence – synapomorphy – homology – molecular clock – outgroup (cladistics) – maximum parsimony (phylogenetics) – Computational phylogenetics...- Transformed cladistics, also known as pattern cladistics is an epistemological approach to the cladistic method of phylogenetic inference and classification...
turmoil (of history) illustrates the growing influence on all taxonomy of cladistics, the science of classifying living things strictly according to their...
evidence of grouping. The choice of an outgroup is a crucial step in cladistic analysis because different outgroups can produce trees with profoundly different...- uncontroversial outgroup—close enough to allow inference from trait data or molecular sequencing, but far enough to be a clear outgroup. Another method...
- Computational phylogenetics (section Using outgroups)root usually requires the inclusion in the input data of at least one "outgroup" known to be only distantly related to the sequences of interest. By contrast...
- 1985 First cladistic analysis of eukaryotes based on combined phenotypic and genotypic evidence Diana Lipscomb. First issue of Cladistics. First phylogenetic...
Cephalopod (section Cladistic classification)are conflicting. Nautilus tends to be considered an outgroup, with Vampyroteuthis forming an outgroup to other squid; however in one analysis the nautiloids...
snails: Gondwanan origin, generic relationships, and the influence of outgroup choice (Caenogastropoda: Ampullariidae)". Biological Journal of the Linnean...
That is, it is found only in one taxon, but not found in any others or outgroup taxa, not even those most closely related to the focal taxon (which may...
Banksia subser. Leptophyllae (section Cladistics)and Ladiges' subseries, with B. grossa (Coarse Banksia) as the nearest outgroup: Early in 2007 Mast and Thiele initiated a rearrangement of Banksia by...- base of a phylogenetic tree, because the lineage included to represent an outgroup is often also long-branched. The frequency of true LBA is unclear and often...
Allosaurus than to birds. Initial cladistics studies supported the arrangement of primitive megalosaurs as serial outgroups to a clade of allosaurids, followed...
the species was conducted using cladistic methods, with Hesperocyoninae as an archaic group of canids, as the outgroup. Aside from some transitional forms...
another. This proposed shift with Macronaria placed Diplodocoidea as an outgroup to the new clade Macronaria, under which all other neosauropods would fall...
"avenue-builders" were not definitely resolvable, with only a small outgroup being used and outgroup effects on intra-family relationships not being tested. Even...
Society of Canada. 164: 1–144. Disney, R.H.L. (1993) Mosaic evolution and outgroup comparisons. Journal of Natural History, 27, 1219–1221. Brown, B.V. (1995)...
Banksia subser. Longistyles (section Cladistics)from the Latin longus ("long") and stylus (style). Although the nearest outgroup of B. subser. Longistyles was the clade corresponding to B. subser. Nutantes...
