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computing, the modulo operation returns the remainder or signed remainder of a division, after one number is divided by another (called the modulus of the operation)... |
Quadratic residue (redirect from Square root modulo n) theory, an integer q is called a quadratic residue modulo n if it is congruent to a perfect square modulo n; i.e., if there exists an integer x such that:... |
Rabin signature algorithm (section Definition) modulo a prime—picking p≡q≡3(mod4){\displaystyle p\equiv q\equiv 3{\pmod {4}}} makes it easiest. Square roots are not unique, and different variants of... |
same as taking the quotient by the subgroup of null-homotopic maps. The following variants of the definition are also widely used: if one takes only bounded-below... |
Coprime integers (section Probability of coprimality) the ring Z / a Z {\displaystyle \mathbb {Z} /a\mathbb {Z} } of integers modulo a. Every pair of congruence relations for an unknown integer x, of the... |
the result are stored; the result is said to wrap around the maximum (i.e. modulo a power of the radix, usually two in modern computers, but sometimes ten... |
P-adic number (redirect from Ring of p-adic integers) arithmetic modulo a positive integer n consists of "approximating" every integer by the remainder of its division by n, called its residue modulo n. The main... |
Tail call (redirect from Tail recursion modulo cons) recursion modulo cons is a generalization of tail-recursion optimization introduced by David H. D. Warren in the context of compilation of Prolog, seen... |
Post correspondence problem (category Theory of computation) words, i.e., they are equal modulo rotation. This variant is undecidable. One of the most important variants of PCP is the bounded Post correspondence... |
Alt code (section List of codes) numbers greater than 255 modulo 256.[citation needed] Because most Unicode documentation and the Character Map accessory show the code points in hex, not... |
Algebraic cycle (section Definition) called the Chow ring of X because it has a multiplication operation given by the intersection product. There are several variants of the above definition. We... |
Zero-divisor graph (section Definition) semiprime number (the product of two prime numbers) then the zero-divisor graph of the ring of integers modulo n{\displaystyle n} (with only the zero divisors... |
Unix time (section Definition) the quotient and modulus of the Unix time number, modulo 86400. The quotient is the number of days since the epoch, and the modulus is the number of seconds... |
\end{aligned}}} Constructing the sum not over all primes but only over primes which are in the same modulo class introduces further types of infinite series that... |
s-s'=k^{-1}(z-z')} (all operations in this paragraph are done modulo n {\displaystyle n} ) the attacker can find k = z − z ′ s − s ′ {\displaystyle k={\frac... |
The cyclic redundancy check (CRC) is based on division in the ring of polynomials over the finite field GF(2) (the integers modulo 2), that is, the set... |
This is a simple consequence of the laws of modular arithmetic; we are simply saying that we may first reduce a modulo p. This is consistent with reducing... |
{\displaystyle p-1} . The group operation, multiplication modulo p {\displaystyle p} , replaces the usual product by its representative, the remainder of division... |
Irreducible polynomial (section Definition) example of such a polynomial is x 4 + 1. {\displaystyle x^{4}+1.} The relationship between irreducibility over the integers and irreducibility modulo p is... |
satisfiability modulo theories (SMT), mixed integer programming (MIP) and answer set programming (ASP) are all fields of research focusing on the resolution of particular... |