Laogai In popular culture
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Laogai (Chinese: 劳改), short for laodong gaizao (劳动改造), which means reform through labor, is a criminal justice system involving the use of penal labor...
China (redirect from Public infrastructure in China)formally abolished in 2013, but it is not clear to what extent its practices have stopped. The much larger reform through labor (laogai) system includes...
seizure of power in China in 1949, popular music was considered ideologically suspect and Chen was labeled a rightist and imprisoned in a laogai for "reform...- Cultural Revolution (redirect from Culture Revolution)2015. Dingbo Wu; Patrick D. Murphy, eds. (1994). Handbook of Chinese Popular Culture. Greenwood Press. p. 207. ISBN 978-0313278082. Archived from the original...
Yoshiwara (category Red-light districts in Japan)Yoshiwara (吉原) was a famous yūkaku (red-light district) in Edo, present-day Tokyo, Japan. Established in 1617, Yoshiwara was one of three licensed and well-known...- Kunta Kinte (category Black characters in films)Muslims and American Popular Culture. ABC-CLIO. pp. 48–49. ISBN 9780313379635. Hasan, Asma Gull (2002). "Islam and Slavery in Early American History:...
slave-holding societies. In Islamic culture, a slave who bore a child to a free man was known as an umm al-walad, could not be sold, and, in most circumstances...
year. In China's system of labor prisons (formerly called laogai), millions of prisoners have been subject to forced, unpaid labor. The laogai system...
Uncle Tom (category African-American culture)Lee's use of popular celebrities as satirical stock characters challenged long-held stereotypes of Black people in mainstream popular culture from novels...
South America (redirect from List of national capitals in South America)of South America, with football being the most popular overall, while baseball is the most popular in Venezuela. Other sports include basketball, cycling...
Emancipation Proclamation (category 1862 in American law)Scott v. Sandford (1857). Slavery was also supported in law and in practice by a pervasive culture of white supremacy. Nonetheless, between 1777 and 1804...
Xi Jinping (category Chinese expatriates in the United States)The plenum also announced economic reforms and resolved to abolish the laogai system of "re-education through labour," which was largely seen as a blot...
New religious movement (redirect from Celibacy in new religious movements)Archived 2016-03-02 at the Wayback Machine "Average number of Falun Gong in Laogai System at any given time" Low estimate 450,000, High estimate 1,000,000...- pre-American Civil War practice of kidnapping into slavery in the United States occurred in both free and slave states, and both fugitive slaves and free...
and non-state armed groups. Throughout history and in many cultures, children have been involved in military campaigns. For example, thousands of children...- Black Sea slave trade (category Genocides in Europe)(2018-07-30). Sex, the Illustrated History: Through Time, Religion, and Culture: Volume Iii; Sex in the Modern World; Europe from the 17Th Century to the 21St Century...
- Sally Miller (category Freedom suits in the United States)economy and culture. In 1846 the Louisiana State Constitutional Convention abolished the Louisiana Supreme Court. Historians believe this was in retaliation...
- given to the Index is leading to the use of this poor data not only by popular culture and reputable magazines and news organizations [...], but also by academic...
- Sexual slavery (redirect from Sexual slavery in the United States)and whiteness in U.S. popular culture, 1850–1877, University of Minnesota Press, 2005, pp. 68–88. Zilfi, M. (2010). Women and Slavery in the Late Ottoman...
Vikings, the Slave Trade, and the Value of Eunuchs". In Tracy, Larissa (ed.). Castration and Culture in the Middle Ages. Boydell & Brewer. ISBN 978-1-84384-351-1...
- Communist Party" in The New Yorker (22 July 2021) Yet China remained a one-party dictatorship and its labour camps – the infamous laogai – continued to