January 19

Pre-1600

• 379 – Emperor Gratian elevates Flavius Theodosius at Sirmium to Augustus, and gives him authority over all the eastern provinces of the Roman Empire.
• 649 – Conquest of Kucha: The forces of Kucha surrender after a forty-day siege led by Tang dynasty general Ashina She'er, establishing Tang control over the northern Tarim Basin in Xinjiang.
• 1419 – Hundred Years' War: Rouen surrenders to Henry V of England, completing his reconquest of Normandy.
• 1511 – The Italian Duchy of Mirandola surrenders to the Pope.
• 1520 – Sten Sture the Younger, the Regent of Sweden, is mortally wounded at the Battle of Bogesund and dies on February 3.

1601–1900

• 1607 – San Agustin Church in Manila is officially completed; it is the oldest church still standing in the Philippines.
• 1639 – Hämeenlinna (Swedish: Tavastehus) is granted privileges after it separated from the Vanaja parish as its own city in Tavastia.
• 1764 – John Wilkes is expelled from the British House of Commons for seditious libel.
• 1764 – Bolle Willum Luxdorph records in his diary that a mail bomb, possibly the world's first, has severely injured the Danish Colonel Poulsen, residing at Børglum Abbey.
• 1788 – The second group of ships of the First Fleet arrive at Botany Bay.
• 1795 – The Batavian Republic is proclaimed in the Netherlands, replacing the Dutch Republic.
• 1817 – An army of 5,423 soldiers, led by General José de San Martín, crosses the Andes from Argentina to liberate Chile and then Peru.
• 1829 – Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's Faust: The First Part of the Tragedy receives its premiere performance.
• 1839 – The British East India Company captures Aden.
• 1853 – Giuseppe Verdi's opera Il trovatore receives its premiere performance in Rome.
• 1861 – American Civil War: Georgia joins South Carolina, Florida, Mississippi, and Alabama in declaring secession from the United States.
• 1862 – American Civil War: Battle of Mill Springs: The Confederacy suffers its first significant defeat in the conflict.
• 1871 – Franco-Prussian War: In the Siege of Paris, Prussia wins the Battle of St. Quentin. Meanwhile, the French attempt to break the siege in the Battle of Buzenval will end unsuccessfully the following day.
• 1883 – The first electric lighting system employing overhead wires, built by Thomas Edison, begins service at Roselle, New Jersey.
• 1899 – Anglo-Egyptian Sudan is formed.

1901–present

• 1901 – Queen Victoria, Queen of the United Kingdom, stricken with paralysis. She dies three days later at the age of 81.
• 1915 – Georges Claude patents the neon discharge tube for use in advertising.
• 1915 – German strategic bombing during World War I: German zeppelins bomb the towns of Great Yarmouth and King's Lynn in the United Kingdom killing at least 20 people, in the first major aerial bombardment of a civilian target.
• 1917 – Silvertown explosion: A blast at a munitions factory in London kills 73 and injures over 400. The resulting fire causes over £2,000,000 worth of damage.
• 1920 – The United States Senate votes against joining the League of Nations.
• 1920 – The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) is founded.
• 1937 – Howard Hughes sets a new air record by flying from Los Angeles to New York City in seven hours, 28 minutes, 25 seconds.
• 1941 – World War II: HMS Greyhound and other escorts of convoy AS-12 sink Italian submarine Neghelli with all hands 64 kilometres (40 mi) northeast of Falkonera.
• 1942 – World War II: The Japanese conquest of Burma begins.
• 1945 – World War II: Soviet forces liberate the Łódź Ghetto. Of more than 200,000 inhabitants in 1940, fewer than 900 had survived the Nazi occupation.
• 1946 – General Douglas MacArthur establishes the International Military Tribunal for the Far East in Tokyo to try Japanese war criminals.
• 1953 – Almost 72 percent of all television sets in the United States are tuned into I Love Lucy to watch Lucy give birth.
• 1960 – Japan and the United States sign the US–Japan Mutual Security Treaty
• 1960 – Scandinavian Airlines System Flight 871 crashes near Ankara Esenboğa Airport in Turkey, killing all 42 aboard.
• 1969 – Student Jan Palach dies after setting himself on fire three days earlier in Prague's Wenceslas Square to protest about the invasion of Czechoslovakia by the Soviet Union in 1968. His funeral turns into another major protest.
• 1977 – President Gerald Ford pardons Iva Toguri D'Aquino (a.k.a. "Tokyo Rose").
• 1978 – The last Volkswagen Beetle made in Germany leaves VW's plant in Emden. Beetle production in Latin America continues until 2003.
• 1981 – Iran hostage crisis: United States and Iranian officials sign an agreement to release 52 American hostages after 14 months of captivity.
• 1983 – The Apple Lisa, the first commercial personal computer from Apple to have a graphical user interface and a computer mouse, is announced.
• 1986 – The first IBM PC computer virus is released into the wild. A boot sector virus dubbed (c)Brain, it was created by the Farooq Alvi Brothers in Lahore, Pakistan, reportedly to deter unauthorized copying of the software they had written.
• 1988 – Trans-Colorado Airlines Flight 2286 crashes in Bayfield, Colorado, killing nine.
• 1990 – Exodus of Kashmiri Pandits from the Kashmir valley in Indian-administered Kashmir due to an insurgency.
• 1991 – Gulf War: Iraq fires a second Scud missile into Israel, causing 15 injuries.
• 1993 – Czech Republic and Slovakia join the United Nations.
• 1995 – After being struck by lightning the crew of Bristow Helicopters Flight 56C are forced to ditch. All 18 aboard are later rescued.
• 1996 – The barge North Cape oil spill occurs as an engine fire forces the tugboat Scandia ashore on Moonstone Beach in South Kingstown, Rhode Island.
• 1997 – Yasser Arafat returns to Hebron after more than 30 years and joins celebrations over the handover of the last Israeli-controlled West Bank city.
• 1999 – British Aerospace agrees to acquire the defence subsidiary of the General Electric Company, forming BAE Systems in November 1999.
• 2006 – A Slovak Air Force Antonov An-24 crashes near Hejce, Hungary, killing 42.
• 2007 – Turkish-Armenian journalist Hrant Dink is assassinated in front of his newspaper's Istanbul office by 17-year-old Turkish ultra-nationalist Ogün Samast.
• 2007 – Four-man Team N2i, using only skis and kites, completes a 1,093-mile (1,759 km) trek to reach the Antarctic pole of inaccessibility for the first time since 1965 and for the first time ever without mechanical assistance.
• 2012 – The Hong Kong-based file-sharing website Megaupload is shut down by the FBI.
• 2014 – A bomb attack on an army convoy in the city of Bannu kills at least 26 Pakistani soldiers and injures 38 others.
• 2024 – The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency's probe landed on the moon, making Japan the 5th country to land a spacecraft on the moon.

Pre-1600

• 399 – Pulcheria, Byzantine empress and saint (d. 453)
• 1200 – Dōgen Zenji, founder of Sōtō Zen (d. 1253)
• 1544 – Francis II of France (d. 1560)

1601–1900

• 1617 – Lucas Faydherbe, Flemish sculptor and architect (d. 1697)
• 1628 – Charles Stanley, 8th Earl of Derby, English noble (d. 1672)
• 1676 – John Weldon, English organist and composer (d. 1736)
• 1721 – Jean-Philippe Baratier, German scholar and author (d. 1740)
• 1736 – James Watt, Scottish chemist and engineer (d. 1819)
• 1737 – Giuseppe Millico, Italian soprano, composer, and educator (d. 1802)
• 1739 – Joseph Bonomi the Elder, Italian architect, designed Longford Hall and Barrells Hall (d. 1808)
• 1752 – James Morris III, American captain (d. 1820)
• 1757 – Countess Augusta Reuss of Ebersdorf (d. 1831)
• 1788 – Pavel Kiselyov, Russian general and politician (d. 1874)
• 1790 – Per Daniel Amadeus Atterbom, Swedish poet and academic (d. 1855)
• 1798 – Auguste Comte, French economist, sociologist, and philosopher (d. 1857)
• 1803 – Sarah Helen Whitman, American poet, essayist, and romantic interest of Edgar Allan Poe (d. 1878)
• 1807 – Robert E. Lee, American Confederate general (d. 1870)
• 1808 – Lysander Spooner, American philosopher and author (d. 1887)
• 1809 – Edgar Allan Poe, American short story writer, poet, and critic (d. 1849)
• 1810 – Talhaiarn, Welsh poet and architect (d. 1869)
• 1813 – Henry Bessemer, English engineer and businessman (d. 1898)
• 1832 – Ferdinand Laub, Czech violinist and composer (d. 1875)
• 1833 – Alfred Clebsch, German mathematician and academic (d. 1872)
• 1839 – Paul Cézanne, French painter (d. 1906)
• 1848 – Arturo Graf, Italian poet, of German ancestry (d. 1913).
• 1848 – John Fitzwilliam Stairs, Canadian businessman and politician (d. 1904)
• 1848 – Matthew Webb, English swimmer and diver (d. 1883)
• 1851 – Jacobus Kapteyn, Dutch astronomer and academic (d. 1922)
• 1852 – Thomas Price, Welsh-Australian politician, 24th Premier of South Australia (d. 1909)
• 1863 – Werner Sombart, German economist and sociologist (d. 1941)
• 1866 – Harry Davenport, American stage and film actor (d. 1949)
• 1871 – Dame Gruev, Bulgarian educator and activist, co-founded the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (d. 1906)
• 1874 – Hitachiyama Taniemon, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 19th Yokozuna (d. 1922)
• 1876 – Wakashima Gonshirō, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 21st Yokozuna (d. 1943)
• 1876 – Dragotin Kette, Slovenian poet and author (d. 1899)
• 1878 – Herbert Chapman, English footballer and manager (d. 1934)
• 1879 – Boris Savinkov, Russian soldier and author (d. 1925)
• 1882 – John Cain Sr., Australian politician, 34th Premier of Victoria (d. 1957)
• 1883 – Hermann Abendroth, German conductor (d. 1956)
• 1887 – Alexander Woollcott, American actor, playwright, and critic (d. 1943)
• 1889 – Sophie Taeuber-Arp, Swiss painter and sculptor (d. 1943)
• 1892 – Ólafur Thors, Icelandic lawyer and politician, Prime Minister of Iceland (d. 1964)
• 1893 – Magda Tagliaferro, Brazilian pianist and educator (d. 1986)

1901–present

• 1901 – Dunc Munro, Scottish-Canadian ice hockey player and coach (d. 1958)
• 1903 – Boris Blacher, German composer and playwright (d. 1975)
• 1903 – Dyre Vaa, Norwegian sculptor and painter (d. 1980)
• 1905 – Stanley Hawes, English-Australian director and producer (d. 1991)
• 1907 – Briggs Cunningham, American race car driver, sailor, and businessman (d. 2003)
• 1908 – Ish Kabibble, American comedian and cornet player (d. 1994)
• 1908 – Aleksandr Gennadievich Kurosh, Russian mathematician and theorist (d. 1971)
• 1911 – Choor Singh, Indian-Singaporean lawyer and judge (d. 2009)
• 1912 – Leonid Kantorovich, Russian mathematician and economist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1986)
• 1913 – Rex Ingamells, Australian author and poet (d. 1955)
• 1913 – Rudolf Wanderone, American professional pocket billiards player (d. 1996)
• 1918 – John H. Johnson, American publisher, founded the Johnson Publishing Company (d. 2005)
• 1920 – Bernard Dunstan, English painter and educator (d. 2017)
• 1920 – Javier Pérez de Cuéllar, Peruvian politician and diplomat, 135th Prime Minister of Peru (d. 2020)
• 1921 – Patricia Highsmith, American novelist and short story writer (d. 1995)
• 1922 – Guy Madison, American actor (d. 1996)
• 1922 – Arthur Morris, Australian cricketer and journalist (d. 2015)
• 1922 – Miguel Muñoz, Spanish footballer and manager (d. 1990)
• 1923 – Dagmar Loe, Norwegian journalist (d. 2024)
• 1923 – Bob McFadden, American singer, impressionist, and voice-over actor (d. 2000)
• 1923 – Jean Stapleton, American actress and singer (d. 2013)
• 1924 – Nicholas Colasanto, American actor and director (d. 1985)
• 1924 – Jean-François Revel, French philosopher (d. 2006)
• 1925 – Nina Bawden, English author (d. 2012)
• 1926 – Hans Massaquoi, German-American journalist and author (d. 2013)
• 1926 – Fritz Weaver, American actor (d. 2016)
• 1930 – Tippi Hedren, American model, actress, and animal rights-welfare activist
• 1930 – John Waite, South African cricketer (d. 2011)
• 1931 – Robert MacNeil, Canadian-American journalist and author (d. 2024)
• 1932 – Russ Hamilton, English singer-songwriter (d. 2008)
• 1932 – Richard Lester, American-English director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1932 – Harry Lonsdale, American chemist, businessman, and politician (d. 2014)
• 1933 – George Coyne, American priest, astronomer, and theologian (d. 2020)
• 1934 – John Richardson, English actor (d. 2021)
• 1935 – Johnny O'Keefe, Australian singer-songwriter (d. 1978)
• 1936 – Fred J. Lincoln, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2013)
• 1936 – Ziaur Rahman, Bangladeshi general and politician, seventh President of Bangladesh (d. 1981)
• 1936 – Willie "Big Eyes" Smith, American singer, harmonica player, and drummer (d. 2011)
• 1937 – Princess Birgitta of Sweden
• 1937 – John Lions, Australian computer scientist and academic (d. 1998)
• 1939 – Phil Everly, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2014)
• 1940 – Paolo Borsellino, Italian lawyer and judge (d. 1992)
• 1941 – Tony Anholt, British actor (d. 2002)
• 1941 – Colin Gunton, English theologian and academic (d. 2003)
• 1941 – Pat Patterson, Canadian wrestler, trainer, and referee (d. 2020)
• 1942 – Michael Crawford, English actor and singer
• 1943 – Larry Clark, American director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1943 – Janis Joplin, American singer-songwriter (d. 1970)
• 1943 – Princess Margriet of the Netherlands
• 1944 – Shelley Fabares, American actress and singer
• 1944 – Thom Mayne, American architect and academic, designed the San Francisco Federal Building and Phare Tower
• 1944 – Dan Reeves, American football player and coach (d. 2022)
• 1945 – Trevor Williams, English singer-songwriter and bass player
• 1946 – Julian Barnes, English novelist, short story writer, essayist, and critic
• 1946 – Dolly Parton, American singer-songwriter and actress
• 1947 – Frank Aarebrot, Norwegian political scientist and academic (d. 2017)
• 1947 – Paula Deen, American chef and author
• 1947 – Rod Evans, English singer-songwriter
• 1948 – Nancy Lynch, American computer scientist and academic
• 1948 – Frank McKenna, Canadian politician and diplomat, 27th Premier of New Brunswick
• 1948 – Mal Reilly, English rugby league player and coach
• 1949 – Arend Langenberg, Dutch voice actor and radio host (d. 2012)
• 1949 – Robert Palmer, English singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2003)
• 1950 – Sébastien Dhavernas, Canadian actor
• 1951 – Martha Davis, American singer
• 1952 – Dewey Bunnell, English-American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1952 – Nadiuska, German television actress
• 1952 – Bruce Jay Nelson, American computer scientist (d. 1999)
• 1953 – Desi Arnaz Jr., American actor and singer
• 1953 – Richard Legendre, Canadian tennis player and politician
• 1953 – Wayne Schimmelbusch, Australian footballer and coach
• 1954 – Katey Sagal, American actress and singer
• 1954 – Cindy Sherman, American photographer and director
• 1954 – Esther Shkalim, Israeli poet and Mizrahi feminist
• 1955 – Simon Rattle, English-German orchestral conductor
• 1956 – Carman, American singer-songwriter, actor, and television host (d. 2021)
• 1956 – Susan Solomon, American atmospheric chemist
• 1957 – Ottis Anderson, American football player and sportscaster
• 1957 – Roger Ashton-Griffiths, English actor, screenwriter and film director
• 1957 – Kenneth McClintock, Puerto Rican public servant and politician, 22nd Secretary of State of Puerto Rico
• 1958 – Thomas Kinkade, American painter (d. 2012)
• 1959 – Danese Cooper, American computer scientist and programmer
• 1959 – Jeff Pilson, American bass player, songwriter, and actor
• 1961 – Paul McCrane, American actor, director, and singer
• 1961 – Wayne Hemingway, English fashion designer, co-founded Red or Dead
• 1961 – William Ragsdale, American actor
• 1962 – Hans Daams, Dutch cyclist
• 1962 – Chris Sabo, American baseball player and coach
• 1962 – Jeff Van Gundy, American basketball player and coach
• 1963 – Michael Adams, American basketball player and coach
• 1963 – Martin Bashir, English journalist
• 1963 – John Bercow, English politician, Speaker of the House of Commons
• 1964 – Janine Antoni, Bahamian sculptor and photographer
• 1964 – Ricardo Arjona, Guatemalan singer-songwriter and basketball player
• 1966 – Sylvain Côté, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1966 – Stefan Edberg, Swedish tennis player and coach
• 1966 – Lena Philipsson, Swedish singer-songwriter
• 1968 – David Bartlett, Australian politician, 43rd Premier of Tasmania
• 1968 – Whitfield Crane, American singer-songwriter
• 1969 – Edwidge Danticat, Haitian-American novelist and short story writer
• 1969 – Luc Longley, Australian basketball player and coach
• 1969 – Trey Lorenz, American singer-songwriter and producer
• 1969 – Predrag Mijatović, Montenegrin footballer and manager
• 1969 – Junior Seau, American football player (d. 2012)
• 1969 – Steve Staunton, Irish footballer and manager
• 1970 – Steffen Freund, German footballer and manager
• 1970 – Kathleen Smet, Belgian triathlete
• 1970 – Udo Suzuki, Japanese comedian and singer
• 1971 – Phil Nevin, American baseball player
• 1971 – Shawn Wayans, American actor, producer, and screenwriter
• 1971 – John Wozniak, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1972 – Drea de Matteo, American actress
• 1972 – Yoon Hae-young, South Korean actress
• 1972 – R-Truth, American wrestler and rapper
• 1972 – Troy Wilson, Australian footballer and race car driver
• 1972 – Sergei Zjukin, Estonian chess player and coach
• 1973 – Antero Manninen, Finnish cellist
• 1973 – Yevgeny Sadovyi, Russian swimmer and coach
• 1974 – Dainius Adomaitis, Lithuanian basketball player and coach
• 1974 – Frank Caliendo, American comedian, actor, and screenwriter
• 1974 – Walter Jones, American football player
• 1974 – Ian Laperrière, Canadian-American ice hockey player and coach
• 1974 – Jaime Moreno, Bolivian footballer and manager
• 1975 – Natalie Cook, Australian volleyball player
• 1975 – Zdeňka Málková, Czech tennis player
• 1976 – Natale Gonnella, Italian footballer
• 1976 – Tarso Marques, Brazilian race car driver
• 1976 – Drew Powell, American actor
• 1976 – Marsha Thomason, English actress
• 1977 – Benjamin Ayres, Canadian actor, director, and photographer
• 1979 – Svetlana Khorkina, Russian gymnast and sportscaster
• 1979 – Byung-hyun Kim, South Korean baseball player
• 1979 – Josu Sarriegi, Spanish footballer
• 1979 – Wiley, English rapper and producer
• 1980 – Jenson Button, English race car driver
• 1980 – Pasha Kovalev, Russian-American dancer and choreographer
• 1980 – Luke Macfarlane, Canadian-American actor and singer
• 1980 – Arvydas Macijauskas, Lithuanian basketball player
• 1980 – Michael Vandort, Sri Lankan cricketer
• 1981 – Paolo Bugia, Filipino basketball player
• 1981 – Asier del Horno, Spanish footballer
• 1981 – Lucho González, Argentinian footballer
• 1981 – Elizabeth Tulloch, American actress
• 1982 – Pete Buttigieg, American politician
• 1982 – Mike Komisarek, American ice hockey player
• 1982 – Jodie Sweetin, American actress and singer
• 1982 – Robin tom Rink, German singer-songwriter
• 1982 – Shane Tronc, Australian rugby league player
• 1982 – Kim Yoo-suk, South Korean pole vaulter
• 1983 – Hikaru Utada, American-Japanese singer-songwriter and producer
• 1984 – Johnny Boychuk, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1984 – Fabio Catacchini, Italian footballer
• 1984 – Karun Chandhok, Indian race car driver
• 1984 – Elvis Dumervil, American football player
• 1984 – Jimmy Kébé, Malian footballer
• 1984 – Thomas Vanek, Austrian ice hockey player
• 1985 – Pascal Behrenbruch, German decathlete
• 1985 – Damien Chazelle, American film director, screenwriter, and producer
• 1985 – Benny Feilhaber, American soccer player
• 1985 – Esteban Guerrieri, Argentinian race car driver
• 1985 – Rika Ishikawa, Japanese singer and actress
• 1985 – Aleksandr Yevgenyevich Nikulin, Russian footballer
• 1985 – Elliott Ward, English footballer
• 1986 – Claudio Marchisio, Italian footballer
• 1986 – Oleksandr Miroshnychenko, Ukrainian footballer
• 1986 – Moussa Sow, Senegalese footballer
• 1987 – Edgar Manucharyan, Armenian footballer
• 1988 – Tyler Breeze, Canadian wrestler
• 1988 – JaVale McGee, American basketball player
• 1990 – Tatiana Búa, Argentine tennis player
• 1990 – Shaunette Renée Wilson, Guyanese-American actress
• 1991 – Petra Martić, Croatian tennis player
• 1991 – Erin Sanders, American actress
• 1992 – Shawn Johnson East, American gymnast
• 1992 – Logan Lerman, American actor
• 1992 – Mac Miller, American rapper (d. 2018)
• 1993 – Erick Torres Padilla, Mexican footballer
• 1993 – João Mário, Portuguese footballer
• 1993 – Ricardo Centurión, Argentine footballer
• 1993 – Walter Benítez, Argentine footballer
• 1994 – Matthias Ginter, German footballer
• 1994 – Alfie Mawson, English footballer
• 1994 – Marvelous Nakamba, Zimbabwean footballer
• 1996 – Jakub Jankto, Czech footballer
• 1998 – Emre Guler, Australian rugby league player
• 1999 – Jonathan Taylor, American football player
• 1999 – Donyell Malen, Dutch footballer
• 2000 – Juan Miranda, Spanish footballer
• 2001 – Kai Jones, Bahamian basketball player
• 2002 – Reinier, Brazilian footballer
• 2003 – Felix Afena-Gyan, Ghanaian footballer
• 2003 – Ilaix Moriba, Guinean footballer

Pre-1600

• 520 – John of Cappadocia, patriarch of Constantinople
• 639 – Dagobert I, Frankish king (b. 603)
• 914 – García I, king of León
• 1003 – Kilian of Cologne, Irish abbot
• 1302 – Al-Hakim I, caliph of Cairo
• 1401 – Robert Bealknap, British justice
• 1526 – Isabella of Austria, Danish queen (b. 1501)
• 1547 – Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey, English poet (b. 1516)
• 1565 – Diego Laynez, Spanish Jesuit theologian (b. 1512)
• 1571 – Paris Bordone, Venetian painter (b. 1495)
• 1576 – Hans Sachs, German poet and playwright (b. 1494)
• 1597 – Maharana Pratap, Hindu Rajput king of Mewar (b.1540)

1601–1900

• 1636 – Marcus Gheeraerts the Younger, Flemish painter (b.1561)
• 1661 – Thomas Venner, English rebel leader
• 1729 – William Congreve, English playwright and poet (b. 1670)
• 1755 – Jean-Pierre Christin, French physicist, mathematician, and astronomer (b. 1683)
• 1757 – Thomas Ruddiman, Scottish scholar and academic (b. 1674)
• 1766 – Giovanni Niccolò Servandoni, Italian-French architect and painter (b. 1695)
• 1785 – Jonathan Toup, English scholar and critic (b. 1713)
• 1833 – Ferdinand Hérold, French pianist and composer (b. 1791)
• 1847 – Charles Bent, American soldier and politician, first Governor of New Mexico (b. 1799)
• 1847 – Athanasios Christopoulos, Greek poet (b. 1772)
• 1851 – Esteban Echeverría, Argentinian poet and author (b. 1805)
• 1853 – Karl Faber, German historian and academic (b. 1773)
• 1865 – Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, French philosopher and politician (b. 1809)
• 1869 – Carl Reichenbach, German chemist and philosopher (b. 1788)
• 1874 – August Heinrich Hoffmann von Fallersleben, German poet and scholar (b. 1798)
• 1878 – Henri Victor Regnault, French physicist and chemist (b. 1810)
• 1895 – António Luís de Seabra, 1st Viscount of Seabra, Portuguese magistrate and politician (b. 1798)

1901–present

• 1906 – Bartolomé Mitre, Argentinian historian and politician, sixth President of Argentina (b. 1821)
• 1929 – Liang Qichao, Chinese journalist, philosopher, and scholar (b. 1873)
• 1930 – Frank P. Ramsey, British mathematician, philosopher and economist (b. 1903)
• 1938 – Branislav Nušić, Serbian author, playwright, and journalist (b. 1864)
• 1945 – Gustave Mesny, French general (b. 1886)
• 1948 – Tony Garnier, French architect and urban planner, designed the Stade de Gerland (b. 1869)
• 1954 – Theodor Kaluza, German mathematician and physicist (b. 1885)
• 1957 – József Dudás, Romanian-Hungarian activist and politician (b. 1912)
• 1963 – Clement Smoot, American golfer (b. 1884)
• 1964 – Firmin Lambot, Belgian cyclist (b. 1886)
• 1965 – Arnold Luhaäär, Estonian weightlifter (b. 1905)
• 1968 – Ray Harroun, American race car driver and engineer (b. 1879)
• 1972 – Michael Rabin, American violinist (b. 1936)
• 1973 – Max Adrian, Irish-English actor (b. 1903)
• 1975 – Thomas Hart Benton, American painter and educator (b. 1889)
• 1976 – Hidetsugu Yagi, Japanese engineer and academic (b. 1886)
• 1979 – Moritz Jahn, German novelist and poet (b. 1884)
• 1980 – William O. Douglas, American lawyer and jurist (b. 1898)
• 1981 – Francesca Woodman, American photographer (b. 1958)
• 1982 – Elis Regina, Brazilian soprano (b. 1945)
• 1983 – Ham, chimpanzee and animal astronaut, first hominid in space (b. 1957)
• 1984 – Max Bentley, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (b. 1920)
• 1987 – Lawrence Kohlberg, American psychologist and academic (b. 1927)
• 1990 – Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh, Indian guru and mystic (b. 1931)
• 1990 – Alberto Semprini, English pianist, composer, and conductor (b. 1908)
• 1990 – Herbert Wehner, German politician, sixth Minister of Intra-German Relations (b. 1906)
• 1991 – Marcel Chaput, Canadian biochemist and journalist (b. 1918)
• 1995 – Gene MacLellan, Canadian singer-songwriter (b. 1938)
• 1996 – Don Simpson, American actor, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1943)
• 1997 – James Dickey, American poet and novelist (b. 1923)
• 1998 – Carl Perkins, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1932)
• 1999 – Ivan Francescato, Italian rugby player (b. 1967)
• 2000 – Amatu'l-Bahá Rúhíyyih Khánum, a Baháʼí Faith Hand of the Cause of God and wife of Shoghi Effendi (b. 1910)
• 2000 – Bettino Craxi, Italian lawyer and politician, 45th Prime Minister of Italy (b. 1934)
• 2000 – Hedy Lamarr, Austrian-American actress, singer, and mathematician (b. 1914)
• 2002 – Vavá, Brazilian footballer and manager (b. 1934)
• 2003 – Milton Flores, Honduran footballer (b. 1974)
• 2003 – Françoise Giroud, French journalist, screenwriter, and politician, French Minister of Culture (b. 1916)
• 2004 – Harry E. Claiborne, American lawyer and judge (b. 1917)
• 2004 – David Hookes, Australian cricketer and coach (b. 1955)
• 2005 – K. Sello Duiker, South African author and screenwriter (b. 1974)
• 2006 – Anthony Franciosa, American actor (b. 1928)
• 2006 – Wilson Pickett, American singer-songwriter (b. 1941)
• 2007 – Hrant Dink, Turkish-Armenian journalist and activist (b. 1954)
• 2007 – Denny Doherty, Canadian singer-songwriter (b. 1940)
• 2007 – Murat Nasyrov, Russian singer-songwriter (b. 1969)
• 2008 – Suzanne Pleshette, American actress (b. 1937)
• 2008 – John Stewart, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1939)
• 2008 – Don Wittman, Canadian sportscaster (b. 1936)
• 2010 – Bill McLaren, Scottish rugby player and sportscaster (b. 1923)
• 2012 – Peter Åslin, Swedish ice hockey player (b. 1962)
• 2012 – Sarah Burke, Canadian skier (b. 1982)
• 2012 – Winston Riley, Jamaican singer-songwriter and producer (b. 1943)
• 2012 – Rudi van Dantzig, Dutch ballet dancer and choreographer (b. 1933)
• 2013 – Taihō Kōki, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 48th Yokozuna (b. 1940)
• 2013 – Stan Musial, American baseball player and manager (b. 1920)
• 2013 – Frank Pooler, American conductor and composer (b. 1926)
• 2013 – Earl Weaver, American baseball player and manager (b. 1930)
• 2013 – Toktamış Ateş, Turkish academician, political commentator, columnist and writer (b. 1944)
• 2014 – Azaria Alon, Ukrainian-Israeli environmentalist, co-founded the Society for the Protection of Nature in Israel (b. 1918)
• 2014 – Christopher Chataway, English runner, journalist, and politician (b. 1931)
• 2015 – Justin Capră, Romanian engineer and academic (b. 1933)
• 2015 – Michel Guimond, Canadian lawyer and politician (b. 1953)
• 2015 – Ward Swingle, American-French singer-songwriter and conductor (b. 1927)
• 2016 – Richard Levins, American ecologist and geneticist (b. 1930)
• 2016 – Ettore Scola, Italian director and screenwriter (b. 1931)
• 2016 – Sheila Sim (Lady Attenborough), English actress (b. 1922)
• 2017 – Miguel Ferrer, American actor (b. 1955)

• Christian feast day:
  • Bassianus of Lodi
  • Henry of Uppsala
  • Marius, Martha, Audifax, and Abachum
  • Mark of Ephesus (Eastern Orthodox Church)
  • Pontianus of Spoleto
  • Wulfstan, Bishop of Worcester
  • January 19 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
• Confederate Heroes Day (Texas), and its related observance:
  • Robert E. Lee Day (Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia and Mississippi)
• Husband's Day (Iceland)
• Kokborok Day (Tripura, India)
• Theophany / Epiphany (Eastern and Oriental Orthodoxy), and its related observances:
  • Timkat, or 20 during Leap Year (Ethiopian Orthodox)
  • Vodici or Baptism of Jesus (North Macedonia)