January 30: Day of the year

January 30 is the 30th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 335 days remaining until the end of the year (336 in leap years).

Up to 1900

• 1018 - The Peace of Bautzen is signed between Poland and Germany.
• 1607 - Massive flooding hits the coasts of the Bristol Channel and Severn Estuary in England, killing around 2,000 people.
• 1648 – The Treaty of Münster is signed, ending the Eighty Years' War between the Netherlands and Spain.
• 1649 – King Charles I of England is beheaded.
• 1661 – Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England is formally executed – after having been dead for two years.
• 1667 - The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth cedes Kiev, Smolensk and western Ukraine to the Tsardom of Russia.
• 1790 – The first boat specialized as a lifeboat is tested on the River Tyne.
• 1806 - The original Lower Trenton Bridge, spanning the Delaware River between Morrisville, Pennsylvania and Trenton, New Jersey, is opened.
• 1820 – Edward Bransfield lands on the Antarctic mainland.
• 1826 - The Menai Suspension Bridge, connecting the island of Anglesey and mainland Wales, is opened.
• 1835 – A mentally ill man named Richard Lawrence attempts to assassinate President Andrew Jackson in the United States Capitol—the first assassination attempt against a President. Both of Lawrence's pistols misfire, and Jackson proceeds to beat his would-be assassin with his cane.
• 1841 - A fire destroys two-thirds of the city of Mayaguez, Puerto Rico.
• 1847 – Yerba Buena, California is renamed San Francisco.
• 1862 – The first American ironclad warship, the USS Monitor is launched.
• 1869 - The University of Idaho is started.
• 1889 – Archduke Crown Prince Rudolf of Austria, heir to the Austro-Hungarian crown, is found dead with his mistress Baroness Mary Vetsera in Mayerling. How they died remains a mystery.
• 1900 – United Kingdom forces fighting Boers in South Africa ask for reinforcements.

1901 – 2000

• 1902 - The United Kingdom and Japan sign the Anglo-Japanese Alliance.
• 1911 – The destroyer USS Terry makes the first airplane rescue at sea saving the life of James McCurdy 10 miles from Havana, Cuba.
• 1911 – The Canadian Naval Service becomes the Royal Canadian Navy.
• 1913 – House of Lords rejects Irish Home Rule Bill.
• 1925 – Government of Turkey throws Patriarch Constantine VI out of Istanbul.
• 1933 – Adolf Hitler is sworn in as Chancellor of Germany.
• 1933 – The first of 2,956 episodes of The Lone Ranger radio series airs on station WXYZ in Detroit, Michigan.
• 1942 - World War II: Japanese forces invade the island of Ambon in what is now Indonesia.
• 1944 – World War II: United States troops invade Majuro, Marshall Islands.
• 1945 – The Wilhelm Gustloff sinks in the Baltic Sea in the deadliest maritime disaster in known history, killing roughly 9,000.
• 1948 – Indian pacifist and leader Mahatma Gandhi is assassinated in Delhi by Nathuram Godse, a Hindu extremist.
• 1948 – 1948 Winter Olympics open in St. Moritz, Switzerland. Because of World War II a few years previously, German and Japanese athletes are not allowed to take part.
• 1956 - Martin Luther King, Jr.'s home is bombed in retaliation for the Montgomery Bus Boycott.
• 1959 - The ship MS Hans Hedtoft strikes an iceberg on her first voyage and sinks, killing 95 people on board.
• 1962 – Two of the high-wire Flying Wallendas are killed when their famous seven-person pyramid collapses during a performance in Detroit, Michigan.
• 1964 – Ranger 6 is launched by NASA. Its mission is to carry television cameras and to crash-land on the moon.
• 1964 - Nguyen Khanh takes power in South Vietnam, removing Duong Van Minh's military junta from power.
• 1965 - The funeral of Winston Churchill takes place in London. Over a million people line the streets to say farewell.
• 1968 – Vietnam War: The Tết Offensive begins when NLF forces launch series of a surprise attacks in South Vietnam.
• 1969 – The Beatles' last public performance, on the roof of Apple Records in London. The impromptu concert is broken up by the police.
• 1972 – Bloody Sunday: United Kingdom British Paratroopers murder fourteen Roman Catholic civil rights /anti internment marchers in Northern Ireland- Bloody Sunday (1972)
• 1972 – Pakistan withdraws from the Commonwealth of Nations.
• 1975 – First faroese stamp issued
• 1983 – Super Bowl XVII: The Washington Redskins defeat the Miami Dolphins, 27-17, thus winning their first NFL championship since 1942.
• 1989 – The American embassy in Kabul, Afghanistan closes.
• 1994 – Péter Lékó becomes the youngest grand master in chess.
• 1994 – The Dallas Cowboys win their fourth Super Bowl title, 30-13 over the Buffalo Bills in Super Bowl XXVIII.
• 1995 – Workers from the National Institutes of Health announce the success of clinical trials testing the first preventive treatment for sickle-cell disease.
• 1996 – Suspected leader of the Irish National Liberation Army Gino Gallagher is killed while in line for his unemployment benefit.
• 2000 – Off the coast of Côte d'Ivoire, Kenya Airways Flight 431 crashes into the Atlantic Ocean, killing 169.
• 2000 – In Super Bowl XXXIV, the St. Louis Rams defeat the Tennessee Titans, 23-16.

From 2001

• 2002 – Slobodan Milošević accuses the United Nations war crimes tribunal of an "evil and hostile attack" against him.
• 2003 – Belgium legally recognizes same-sex marriage.
• 2005 – Amid violence and threats to boycott the results, Iraq holds an election for its National Assembly, the country's first free election since 1953.
• 2007 - Microsoft Windows Vista is released.
• 2015 - 55 people are killed in a bomb attack in Shikarpur, Southern Pakistan.
• 2016 - 39 people drown as a boat carrying refugees sinks in the Mediterranean Sea.
• 2016 - Tennis: Angelique Kerber becomes the first German woman since Steffi Graf to win a Grand Slam singles title, defeating Serena Williams in three sets to win the Australian Open.

Up to 1900

• 58 BC – Livia Drusilla, wife of Roman Emperor Augustus (d. 29)
• 133 – Marcus Severus Didius Julianus, Roman Emperor (d. 193)
• 1563 - Franciscus Gomarus, Dutch theologian (d. 1641)
• 1628 - George Villiers, 2nd Duke of Buckingham, English diplomat (d. 1687)
• 1661 - Charles Rollin, French historian (d. 1741)
• 1697 - Johann Joachim Quantz, German flautist (d. 1773)
• 1720 - Charles De Geer, Swedish industrialist and entomologist (d. 1778)
• 1736 - James Watt, Scottish engineer (d. 1819)
• 1754 - John Lansing, Jr., American statesman (d. 1829)
• 1775 - Walter Savage Landor, English writer and poet (d. 1864)
• 1781 – Adelbert von Chamisso, German writer (d. 1838)
• 1816 – Nathaniel Prentice Banks, American politician, Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1894)
• 1822 - Franz Ritter von Hauer, Austrian geologist (d. 1899)
• 1841 - Félix Faure, French politician (d. 1899)
• 1841 - Sam Lloyd, American game inventor and puzzle specialist (d. 1911)
• 1845 - Jose Domingo de Obaldia, 2nd President of Panama (d. 1910)
• 1846 - F. H. Bradley, British philosopher (d. 1924)
• 1852 - Ion Luca Caragiale, Romanian playwright and poet (d. 1912)
• 1862 - Walter Damrosch, German conductor and composer (d. 1950)
• 1875 - Walter Middelberg, Dutch rower (d. 1944)
• 1878 – Anton Hansen Tammsaare, Estonian writer (d. 1940)
• 1882 – Franklin D. Roosevelt, 32nd President of the United States (d. 1945)
• 1884 - Pedro Pablo Ramirez, President of Argentina (d. 1962)
• 1888 - Beatrice Brigden, Canadian activist (d. 1977)
• 1889 – Jaishankar Prasad, Indian poet and dramatist (d. 1937)
• 1890 - Bruno Kastner, German actor (d. 1932)
• 1894 – Tsar Boris III of Bulgaria (d. 1943)
• 1895 – Wilhelm Gustloff, German leader of the Swiss Nazi Party (d. 1936)
• 1899 – Max Theiler, South African virologist (d. 1972)
• 1900 - Isaac Dunayevsky, Soviet composer (d. 1955)

1901 – 1950

• 1901 – Rudolf Caracciola, German racing driver (d. 1959)
• 1910 - Chidambaram Subramaniam, Indian politician (d. 2000)
• 1911 – Roy Eldridge, American jazz musician (d. 1989)
• 1912 – Werner Hartmann, German physicist (d. 1988)
• 1913 - Percy Thrower, English gardener and television host (d. 1988)
• 1913 - Amrita Sher-Gil, Indian painter (d. 1941)
• 1915 – John Profumo, British politician (d. 2006)
• 1917 - Paul Frère, Belgian racing driver, journalist and author (d. 2008)
• 1920 - Michael Anderson, British director
• 1920 - Delbert Mann, American director (d. 2007)
• 1924 – Lloyd Alexander, American writer (d. 2007)
• 1925 - Douglas Engelbart, American inventor (d. 2013)
• 1927 – Olof Palme, Prime Minister of Sweden (d. 1986)
• 1928 – Hal Prince, American stage producer and director
• 1929 - Lucille Teasdale-Corti, Canadian physician, surgeon and aid worker (d. 1996)
• 1929 - Isamu Akasaki, Japanese scientist, joint-winner of the 2014 Nobel Prize in Physics
• 1930 – Gene Hackman, American actor
• 1930 - Janis Krumins, Latvian basketball player (d. 1994)
• 1930 - Egon Klepsch, German politician (d. 2010)
• 1931 - Shirley Hazzard, Australian-American writer (d. 2016)
• 1932 - Knock Yokoyama, Japanese comedian and politician
• 1934 - Tammy Grimes, American actress and singer (d. 2016)
• 1934 - Giovanni Battista Re, Italian cardinal
• 1935 - Richard Brautigan, American writer (d. 1984)
• 1935 - Jean Tiberi, former Mayor of Paris
• 1936 - Horst Jankowski, German pianist (d. 1998)
• 1937 – Vanessa Redgrave, British actress
• 1937 – Boris Spassky, Russian chess player
• 1937 - Ed Hansen, American movie director and editor (d. 2005)
• 1938 – Islam Karimov, President of Uzbekistan (d. 2016)
• 1940 - Mitch Murray, English songwriter and producer
• 1941 - Gregory Benford, American science fiction writer
• 1941 – Dick Cheney, 46th Vice President of the United States
• 1945 - Meir Dagan, Israeli general (d. 2016)
• 1945 - Michael Dorris, American author (d. 1997)
• 1946 - John Bird, Baron Bird, English social entrepreneur
• 1947 - Steve Marriott, English musician (d. 1991)
• 1947 - Malgorzata Braunek, Polish actress (d. 2014)
• 1948 - Sergio Cofferati, Italian politician
• 1949 – Peter Agre, American biologist
• 1949 - Jaak Salumets, Estonian basketball player and coach

1951 – 1975

• 1951 – Phil Collins, British singer and musician
• 1951 - Philip Whitchurch, British actor
• 1955 – John Baldacci, American politician, 73rd Governor of Maine
• 1955 - Curtis Strange, American golfer
• 1956 - Keiichi Tsuchiya, Japanese racing driver
• 1956 - Darko Rundek, Croatian musician, actor and theatre director
• 1956 - Jeremy Gittins, English actor
• 1957 - Payne Stewart, American golfer (d. 1999)
• 1959 – Irina Pudova, Yakut ballerina
• 1960 - Eddie Jones, Australian rugby union player and coach
• 1961 - Liu Gang, Chinese physicist and computer scientist
• 1961 – Dexter Scott King, son of Martin Luther King, Jr. and Coretta Scott King
• 1962 – King Abdullah II of Jordan
• 1963 - Tina Malone, English actress
• 1964 - Otis Smith, American basketball player
• 1965 - Julie McCullough, American model and actress
• 1967 - Jay Gordon, American musician
• 1967 - Sergey Tchepikov, Russian biathlete
• 1968 – King Felipe VI of Spain
• 1968 - Trevor Dunn, American musician
• 1969 - Alexey Dreev, Russian chess player
• 1971 - Darren Boyd, British actor
• 1972 - Jennifer Hale, Canadian-American actress and comedienne
• 1974 – Christian Bale, British actor
• 1974 – Olivia Colman, British actress
• 1974 – Jemima Khan, British socialite
• 1975 - Yumi Yoshimura, Japanese singer
• 1975 – Juninho Pernambucano, Brazilian footballer

From 1976

• 1976 – Cristian Brocchi, Italian footballer
• 1978 - Romesh Ranganathan, English comedian
• 1979 - Davide Simoncelli, Italian cross-country skier
• 1979 - Trevor Gillies, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1980 – Wilmer Valderrama, American actor and producer
• 1981 – Dimitar Berbatov, Bulgarian footballer
• 1981 – Peter Crouch, English footballer
• 1981 - Mathias Lauda, Austrian racing driver
• 1982 - DeSagana Diop, Senegalese basketball player
• 1983 - Ben Maher, English equestrian
• 1984 – Kid Cudi, American Hip hop performer
• 1987 – Arda Turan, Turkish footballer
• 1987 - Phil Lester, English YouTuber, vlogger and radio personality
• 1987 – Rebecca Quin, Irish professional wrestler better known as Becky Lynch
• 1990 – Jake Thomas, American actor
• 1990 - Yoon Bo-ra, South Korean singer
• 1993 - Katy Marchant, English track cyclist
• 1995 - Misaki Iwasa, Japanese singer (AKB48)
• 1995 - Viktoria Komova, Russian gymnast
• 1995 - Danielle Campbell, American actress
• 1995 - Jack Laugher, English diver
• 2000 - Benee, New Zealand singer
• 2005 – Prince Hashem bin Al Abdullah II of Jordan

Up to 1900

• 680 - Bathild, Frankish Queen (b. 626)
• 1030 - William V, Duke of Aquitaine (b. 969)
• 1181 – Emperor Takakura of Japan (b. 1161)
• 1314 - Nicholas III of Saint Omer
• 1384 – Louis II of Flanders (b. 1330)
• 1649 – King Charles I of England, Ireland and Scotland (b. 1600)
• 1730 – Tsar Peter II of Russia (b. 1715)
• 1836 – Betsy Ross, American seamstress (b. 1752)
• 1867 – Emperor Komei of Japan (b. 1831)
• 1869 - William Carleton, Irish novelist (b. 1794)
• 1889 – Crown Prince Rudolf of Austria (b. 1858)
• 1889 – Baroness Marie Vetsera, mistress of Austrian Crown Prince Rudolf (b. 1871)

1901 – 2000

• 1913 - James Henderson Berry, Governor of Arkansas (b. 1841)
• 1926 - Barbara La Marr, American actress (b. 1896)
• 1927 - Simeon Eben Baldwin, American politician, 65th Governor of Connecticut (b. 1840)
• 1928 – Johannes Andreas Grib Fibiger, Danish doctor, won the 1926 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1867)
• 1929 - La Goulue, French dancer (b. 1866)
• 1934 - Frank Nelson Doubleday, American publisher (b. 1862)
• 1948 – Mahatma Gandhi, Indian spiritual leader and advocate of non-violence (assassinated) (b. 1869)
• 1948 – Orville Wright, American aviation pioneer (b. 1871)
• 1951 – Ferdinand Porsche, Austrian automobile engineer (b. 1875)
• 1958 - Jean Crotti, Swiss artist (b. 1878)
• 1958 – Ernst Heinkel, German engineer (b. 1888)
• 1963 - Francis Poulenc, French composer (b. 1899)
• 1969 – Dominique Pire, Belgian monk (b. 1910)
• 1980 - Professor Longhair, American musician (b. 1918)
• 1982 – Stanley Holloway, British actor (b. 1890)
• 1982 – Lightnin' Hopkins, American musician (b. 1912)
• 1984 - Luke Kelly, Irish singer (The Dubliners) (b. 1940)
• 1986 - Ivan Papanin, Russian explorer (b. 1894)
• 1989 - Alfonso, Duke of Anjou and Cadiz, Spanish royal and claimant to the French throne (b. 1936)
• 1991 – John Bardeen, American physicist (b. 1908)
• 1995 – Gerald Durrell, British naturalist (b. 1925)
• 1999 – Huntz Hall, American actor (b. 1919)

From 2001

• 2006 – Coretta Scott King, American civil rights activist (b. 1927)
• 2007 – Sidney Sheldon, American writer and screenwriter (b. 1917)
• 2008 – Jeremy Beadle, British television presenter (b. 1948)
• 2009 – Ingemar Johansson, Swedish boxer (b. 1932)
• 2009 – Sune Jonsson, Swedish writer, movie maker and photographer (b. 1930)
• 2009 - H. Guy Hunt, 49th Governor of Alabama (b. 1933)
• 2011 – John Barry, British movie score composer (b. 1933)
• 2013 - Patty Andrews, American singer (b. 1918)
• 2014 - Jack Stoddard, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1926)
• 2014 - The Mighty Hannibal, American singer, songwriter and record producer (b. 1939)
• 2014 - Arthur Rankin, Jr., American animator, director, producer and writer (b. 1924)
• 2015 - Gerrit Voorting, Dutch road bicycle racer (b. 1923)
• 2015 - Zhelyu Zhelev, 2nd President of Bulgaria (b. 1935)
• 2015 - Geraldine McEwan, English actress (b. 1932)
• 2015 - Carl Djerassi, Austrian-American chemist, novelist and playwright (b. 1923)
• 2016 - Frank Finlay, British actor (b. 1926)
• 2016 - T. N. Gopakumar, Indian journalist (b. 1957)
• 2016 - Georgia Davis Powers, American civil rights activist and politician (b. 1923)
• 2016 - Francisco Flores Pérez, President of El Salvador (b. 1959)
• 2016 - Mohammad Salimi, Iranian general (b. 1937)
• 2017 - Marta Becket, American dancer, painter and choreographer (b. 1924)
• 2017 - David Burhani, Tanzanian footballer (b. 1990)
• 2017 - Carmen Contreras-Bozak, American World War II veteran (b. 1919)
• 2017 - Mario R. Ramil, Filipino-born American justice (b. 1946)
• 2018 - Rolf Schafstall, German footballer (b. 1937)
• 2018 - Mark Salling, American actor and singer (b. 1982)
• 2018 - Clyde Scott, American football player and hurdler (b. 1924)
• 2018 - Kevin Towers, American baseball executive (b. 1961)
• 2018 - Terry Van Ginderen, Belgian television and music producer (b. 1931)
• 2018 - Azeglio Vicini, Italian footballer (b. 1933)
• 2018 - Louis Zorich, American actor (b. 1924)
• 2019 - Stewart Adams, British chemist, inventor of ibuprofen (b. 1923)
• 2019 - Per Jorsett, Norwegian sports reporter (b. 1920)
• 2019 - Dick Miller, American actor (b. 1928)

• Observances related to the assassination of Mahatma Gandhi
  • Martyrs' Day (India)
  • School Day of non-violence and Peace (Spain)