Urdu
Urdu ˈ (Urdu: اُردُو, Urdū, pronounced ( listen)), forby said Lashkari (لشکری ˈləʃkəri), is the heidmaist leid that is spak in Pakistan.
It is in mony weys seemilar tae Hindi whan spak (the twa is mutually intelligable) it haes a different writin seestem that's taen frae the Arabic. There's 60-80 million native speakers, an 160 million tot.
| Urdu | |
|---|---|
| ur Lashkari (لشکری) | |
 Urdu in Perso-Arabic script (Nastaʿlīq style) | |
| Pronunciation | Hindustani: [ˈʊrd̪u] |
| Native tae | Pakistan, Indie, Bangladesh ("Bihari"), Nepal |
Native speakers | 66 million (2007) Tot (only Urdu): 104 million (2010) Tot (includin Hindi): 490 million (2010) |
Indo-European
| |
| Arabic (Urdu alphabet [Nastaʿlīq) Devanagari Urdu Braille | |
| Offeecial status | |
Offeecial leid in |  Pakistan Indie (states o Jammu an Kashmir,Andhra Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Delhi) |
| Regulatit bi | Naitional Leid Authority (Pakistan); Naitional Cooncil for Promotion o Urdu Leid (Indie) |
| Leid codes | |
| ISO 639-1 | ur |
| ISO 639-2 | urd |
| ISO 639-3 | urd |
| Linguasphere | 59-AAF-q (wi Hindi, |
 Auries where Urdu is offeecial or cooffeecial (Ither) auries where Hindi is offeecial | |
Letter Names and Phonemes
| Isolated Letter [N] | Phoneme | Urdu Letter Name | Unicode | Nummer in Urdu alphabet | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IPA | Scots Letter | closest Phoneme in Scots | closest Phoneme in Inglis | Nastaliq [footnote 1] | diacritics | Romanizations | |||||
| ا | /ɑː/ /ā/ /ʔ/ /–/ [citation needit] | (example needed) | الف | الِف | alif / alef | U+0627 | 1 | 1 | |||
| ب | /b/ | (example needed) | B in "bat" | بے | بے | bē / beh | U+0628 | 2 | 2 | ||
| پ | /p/ | (example needed) | پے | پے | pē / peh | U+067E | 3 | 3 | |||
| ت | /t̪/ | (example needed) | تے | تے | tē / teh | U+062A | 4 | 4 | |||
| ٹ | /ʈ/ | (example needed) | ٹے | ٹے | ṭē / tteh | U+0679 | 5 | 5 | |||
| ث | /s/ | (example needed) | ثے | ثے | sē / s̱ē | U+062B | 6 | 6 | |||
| ج | /d͡ʒ/ | (example needed) | جيم | جِيم | jīm / jeem | U+062C | 7 | 7 | |||
| چ | /t͡ʃ/ | (example needed) | چے | چے | čē / cē / tcheh | U+0686 | 8 | 8 | |||
| ح | /ɦ/ | (example needed) | بڑی حے | بَڑی حے | baṛī ħē / baṛī ḥē | U+062D | 9 | 9 | |||
| خ | /x/ | "guttural" Kh | ch in "loch" | خے | خے | xē / khē / khah / k͟hē | U+062E | 10 | 10 | ||
| د | /d/ | (example needed) | دال | دال | dāl / dal | U+062F | 11 | 11 | |||
| ڈ | /ɖ/ | (example needed) | ڈال | ڈال | ḍāl / ddal | U+0688 | 12 | 12 | |||
| ذ | /z/ | (example needed) | ذال | ذال | zāl / ẕāl | U+0630 | 13 | 13 | |||
| ر | /r/ | (example needed) | رے | رے | rē / reh | U+0631 | 14 | 14 | |||
| ڑ | /ɽ/ | (example needed) | ڑے | ڑے | ṛē / rreh | U+0691 | 15 | 15 | |||
| ز | /z/ | (example needed) | زے | زے | zē / zey | U+0632 | 16 | 16 | |||
| ژ | /ʒ/ | (example needed) | ژے | ژے | žē / zhē | U+0698 | 17 | 17 | |||
| س | /s/ | (example needed) | سین | سِين | sīn / seen | U+0633 | 18 | 18 | |||
| ش | /ʃ/ | (example needed) | شین | شِين | šīn / shīn / sheen | U+0634 | 19 | 19 | |||
| ص | /s/ | (example needed) | صاد | صْواد | swād / sad / ṣwād | U+0635 | 20 | 20 | |||
| ض | /z/ | (example needed) | ضاد | ضْواد | żwād / ẓwād | U+0636 | 21 | 21 | |||
| ط | /t/ | (example needed) | طوے | طوئے | tō’ē / tah / tōē / t̤o'ē / toy | U+0637 | 22 | 22 | |||
| ظ | /z/ | (example needed) | ظوے | ظوئے | zō’ē / zōē / z̤o'ē | U+0638 | 23 | 23 | |||
| ع | /ɑː/ /oː/ /eː/ /ʔ/ /ʕ/ /∅/ (footnote) | (example needed) | عین | عَيْن | ‘ain / ain ayn | U+0639 | 24 | 24 | |||
| غ | /ɣ/ | (example needed) | غین | غَيْن | ğain / ghain / g͟hain | U+063A | 25 | 25 | |||
| ف | /f/ | (example needed) | فے | فے | fē / feh | U+0641 | 26 | 26 | |||
| ق | /q/ | (example needed) | قاف | قاف | qāf / qaf | U+0642 | 27 | 27 | |||
| ک | /k/ | (example needed) | کاف | کاف | kāf / kāf | U+06A9 | 28 | 28 | |||
| گ | /ɡ/ | (example needed) | گاف | گاف | gāf / gaf | U+06AF | 29 | 29 | |||
| ل | /l/ | (example needed) | لام | لام | lām / lam | U+0644 | 30 | 30 | |||
| م | /m/ | (example needed) | میم | مِيم | mīm / meem | U+0645 | 31 | 31 | |||
| ن | /n/ /ɲ/ /ɳ/ /ŋ/ | (example needed) | نون | نُون | nūn / noon | U+0646 | 32 | 32 | |||
| ں | / ◌̃ / | (example needed) | نون غنہ | نُونِ غُنّہ | nūn-e ğunnah / noon ghunna / nūn g͟hunnah | U+06BA | 33 | ||||
| ◌٘ ٘ ــ٘ـ | U+0658 | ||||||||||
| و | /ʋ/ /ʊ/ /uː/ /oː/ /ɔː/ [V/W] | (example needed) | واؤ | واؤ | vāō / wāō / waw / wā'o | U+0648 | 34 | 33 | |||
| ہ | /ɦ/ /ɑː/ /e:/ | (example needed) | گول ہے | گول ہے | gōl hē / heh goal / gol hē | U+06C1 | 35 | 34 | |||
| ه | چهوٹی هے | چهوٹی هے | čhōṭī hē | U+0647 | Arabic [footnote] | ||||||
| ھ | /ʰ/ or /ʱ/ | (example needed) | دو چشمی ہے | دوچَشْمی ہے | dō-čašmī hē / heh doachashmee / do-cashmī hē | U+06BE | 36 | ||||
| ی | /j/ /iː/ /ɑː/ | (example needed) | چھوٹی يے | چھوٹی يے | čhōṭī yē / choṭī yē | U+06CC | 38 | 35 | |||
| ے | /ɛː/ /eː/ | (example needed) | بڑی يے | بَڑی يے | baṛī yē / yeh barree | U+06D2 | 39 | ||||
| ء | ء | /ʔ/ /∅/ | (footnote) | (example needed) | ہمزہ | ہَمْزه | hamzah / hamza | U+0621 | 37 | 0 or 35 | |
| ئ | ئ | U+0626 | |||||||||
^Nastaliq: See Inglis Wikipedia: "Nastaliq".
^Hamza: In the Urdu, hamza ء is silent in aw its forms apairt fae whan it is uised as hamza-e-izafat. The main hamza ء uiss in the Urdu is fur tae indicate a vowel cluster. In Urdu words, Hamza ء is aye attatcht ئ tae a form resemmlin the Arabic ى alef maksura [citation needit].
^Ayn: Ayn ع in its initial عـ an final ـع poseition is uisually silent and is replaced by the forerinnin or follaein vowel soun.
References
| Wiki Commons haes media relatit tae Urdu. |
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