Tonga
175°W / 20°S 175°W / -20; -175
Tonga, offeecially Kinrick o Tonga is a Polynesie kintra an airchipelagae comprisin 169 islands, o that 36 are inhabitit. The tot surface aurie is aboot 750 square kilometre (290 sq mi) scattered ower 700,000 square kilometre (270,000 sq mi) o the soothren Paceefic Ocean. The sovereign state has a population o 100,209 fowk,{{UN Population|re100o that 70% reside on the main island o Tongatapu.
Kinrick o Tonga Puleʻanga Fakatuʻi ʻo Tonga | |
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 Banner  Coat o airms | |
Motto: "Ko e ʻOtua mo Tonga ko hoku tofiʻa" "God an Tonga are ma Inheritance" | |
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| Caipital and largest city | Nukuʻalofa 21°08′S 175°12′W / 21.133°S 175.200°W |
| Offeecial leids |
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| Ethnic groups (2016) |
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| Demonym(s) | Tongan |
| Govrenment | Unitary pairlamentary constitutional monarchy |
• Monarch | Keeng Tupou VI |
| Siaosi Sovaleni | |
| Fatafehi Fakafanua | |
| Legislatur | Legislative Assembly |
| Unthirldom | |
• frae Breetish pertection | 4 Juin 1970 |
| Aurie | |
• Total | 748 km2 (289 sq mi) (186th) |
• Water (%) | 4.0 |
| Population | |
• 2021 census | 100,209 (199th) |
• Density | 139/km2 (360.0/sq mi) (76tha) |
| GDP (PPP) | 2019 estimate |
• Total | $655 million |
• Per capita | $6,496 |
| GDP (nominal) | 2019 estimate |
• Tot | $493 million |
• Per capita | $4,888 |
| Gini (2015) |  37.6medium |
| HDI (2019) |  0.725heich · 104t |
| Currency | Paʻanga (TOP) |
| Time zone | UTC+13 |
| DST nae observed | |
| Drivin side | left |
| Cawin code | +676 |
| ISO 3166 code | TO |
| Internet TLD | .to |
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Tonga stretches athort approximately 800 kilometre (500 mi) in a north-sooth line. It is surroondit bi Fiji an Wallis an Futuna (Fraunce) tae the northwast, Samoa tae the northeast, Niue tae the east, Kermadec (pairt o New Zealand) tae the soothwast, an New Caledon (Fraunce) an Vanuatu tae the forder wast.
Tonga becam kent in the Wast as the "Freendly Islands" acause o the congenial reception accordit tae Caiptain James Cook on his first vesit in 1773. He arrived at the time o the ʻinasi festival, the yearly donation o the First Fruits tae the Tuʻi Tonga (the islands' paramoont chief) an sae received an invitation tae the festivities. Accordin tae the writer William Mariner, the chiefs wantit tae kill Cook in the gaitherin but coud nae gree on a plan.
Frae 1900 tae 1970, Tonga haed Breetish pertectit state status, wi the Unitit Kinrick leukin efter its furrin affairs unner a Treaty o Freendship. The kintra niver relinquished its sovereignty tae any furrin pouer. In 2010, Tonga teuk a decisive path taewart acomin a constitutional monarchy raither nor a tradeetional absolute kinrick, efter legislative reforms passed a coorse for the first pairtial representative elections.
References
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