Kintra Taiwan: State in East Asie

Subject tae an ongangin dispute wi the Fowkrepublic o Cheenae (FRC) that haes left it wi leemitit formal diplomatic relations, the govrenment o the Republic o Cheenae the noo govrens the islands o Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu an ither minor islands. Neeburin states include the Fowkrepublic o Cheenae tae the wast, Japan tae the northeast, an the Philippines tae the sooth.

Republic o Cheenae 中華民國 Zhōnghuá Mínguó (Mandarin) Cunghua Minkuo (Formosan) Chûng-fà Mìn-koet (Hakka)
Banner Naitional Emblem
Anthem:  《中華民國國歌》 "Naitional Anthem o the Republic o Cheenae" Flag anthem: 《中華民國國旗歌》 "Naitional Banner Anthem o the Republic o Cheenae"
Territory controlled bu the Republic o Cheenae: Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu Islands, Dongsha Islands an Taiping Island
Caipital	Taipei 25°02′N 121°38′E / 25.033°N 121.633°E / 25.033; 121.633 121°38′E / 25.033°N 121.633°E / 25.033; 121.633
Lairgest ceety	Taipei–New Taipei
Offeecial leids	Staundart Cheenese (de facto)
Recognised naitional leids	Formosan leids Hakka
Recognised regional leids	Matsu dialect Taiwanese Hokkien
Offeecial script	Tradeetional Cheenese Formosan Laitin alphabet
Ethnic groups	95% Han  ∟ 70% Hoklo  ∟ 14% Hakka  ∟ 14% Waisheng 3.1% New immigrants 2.4% Aborigines
Demonym(s)	Taiwanese
Govrenment	Unitar semi-presidential constitutional republic
• Preses	Tsai Ing-wen
• Vice-Preses	Chen Chien-jen
• Premier	Su Tseng-chang
• Vice Premier	Chen Chi-mai
• Speaker	Su Chia-chyuan
• Deputy Speaker	Tsai Chi-chang
Legislatur	Legislative Yuan
Formation
• Xinhai Revolution	10 October 1911
• Republic proclaimed	1 Januar 1912
• Taiwan transferred	25 October 1945
• Constitution adoptit	25 December 1947
• Govrenment muived tae Taipei	7 December 1949
Aurie
• Total	36,197 km2 (13,976 sq mi)
Population
• 2017 estimate	23,550,077 (53rd)
• 2010 census	23,123,866 (53rd)
• Density	650/km2 (1,683.5/sq mi) (17t)
GDP (PPP)	2017 estimate
• Total	$1.177 trillion
• Per capita	$49,901
GDP (nominal)	2017 estimate
• Tot	$566.757 billion
• Per capita	$24,027
Gini (2014)	33.6 medium
HDI (2014)	0.882 verra heich · 25t
Currency	New Taiwan dollar (NT$) (TWD)
Time zone	UTC+8 (Naitional Staundart Time)
Date format	yyyy-mm-dd yyyy年m月d日 (CE; CE+2697) 民國yy年m月d日 (CE−1911)
Drivin side	right
Cawin code	+886
ISO 3166 code	TW
Internet TLD	.tw .台灣 .台湾

The Republic o Cheenae wis formally established on 1 Januar 1912 follaein the revolution o Wuchang Uprisin on 10 October 1911. Frae its foondin an till 1949 it encompassed mainland Cheenae (includin Tibet an Ooter Mongolie). Central authority waxed an waned in repone tae warlordism (1915–28), Japanese invasion (1937–45), an the Cheenese Ceevil War (1927–49), wi central authority strangest durin the Nanjing Decade (1927–37) whan maist o Cheenae came unner the control o the Kuomintang (KMT). At the end o Warld War II in 1945, wi the surrender o Japan, the Republic o Cheenae teuk ower the island groups o Taiwan an Penghu frae the Japanese Empire.

The Communist takeower o continental Cheenae in the Cheenese Ceevil War in 1949 an later Hainan, Tachen an ither ootlyin islands in the 1950s left the rulin Kuomintang (KMT) wi control ower anerlie Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu, an ither minor isles. The KMT declared Taipei the proveesional caipital an foondit the Fowkrepublic o Cheenae in Beijing, leadin tae twa rival govrenments claimin tae be the sole legitimate govrenment o Cheenae. Houiver, till the 1970s the ROC wis still recognised bi mony kintras an the Unitit Naitions as the sole legitimate govrenment o baith mainland Cheenae an Taiwan. The ROC haed been a foondin member o the Unitit Naitions an ane o the five permanent memmers o the Security Cooncil till 1971, when Cheenae's representative wis replaced bi the FRC via UN General Assembly Resolution 2758.

The FRC disna recognise the legitimacy o the ROC an claims Taiwan as a pairt o the FRC's territory, despite niver haein controllt it. It seeks tae "unify" Taiwan unner the formula o ane kintra, twa systems an reserves the authority tae uise military force (see Anti-Secession Law). The Republic o Cheenae rejects the PRC's claim an views itself as a sovereign state. This tension atween the twa states colours maist o the poleetical life in Taiwan, an ony attempt at declarin a Taiwanese republic in place o the Republic o Cheenae is met wi threats frae the FRC. The FRC govrenment refuses tae hae diplomatic relations wi kintras which recognise the Republic o Cheenae an opposes the ROC takin pairt in organisations whaur stateheid is required; sicweys, as o 2010, anerlie 23 sovereign states hae formal diplomatic relations wi the ROC, tho maist ithers retain unoffeecial exchynges wi the ROC (e.g. the American Institute in Taiwan) that are diplomatic aw but in name.

In Taiwan's poleetical condeetion, that is separate intae twa major concepts in cross-strait relations; the Pan-Blue Coalition (majority Kuomintang) supports the Ane Cheenae principle unner the terms o the 1992 consensus, unner the view that the ROC still regards itself as the sole legitimate govrenment o Cheenae. The opposition Pan-Green Coalition (majority Democratic Progressive Pairty or DPP) regairds Taiwan tae be an independent, sovereign state synonymous wi the ROC, opposes the notion that Taiwan is pairt o Cheenae, an seeks an eventual declaration o Taiwan unthirldom.

A single-pairty state unner the KMT syne 1928, the Republic o Cheenae evolved intae a multi-pairty democracy in the 1980s an 1990s. It haes a semi-presidential seestem an universal suffrage. The preses serves as the heid o state an commander-in-chief o the airmed forces. The Legislative Yuan is the ROC's unicameral legislature. The ROC is a member o the WTO an APEC. It is ane o the Fower Asien Tigers, an haes an industrialized advanced economy. The 26t-lairgest economy in the warld, its advanced technology industry plays a key role in the global economy. The ROC is ranked hicht in terms o freedom o the press, heal care, public eddication an economic freedom.

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