File:Oblique rays 04 Pengo.svg

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This version shows a slight Spring or Autumn axial tilt to the Earth.


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Why the polar regions are colder: Effect of the Earth's shape and atmosphere on incoming solar radiation.

Compared to equatorial regions (b), incoming solar radiation of the polar regions (a) is less intense for two reasons:

  1. the solar radiation arrives at an oblique angle nearer the poles, so that the energy spreads over a larger surface area, lessening its intensity.
  2. The radiation travels a longer distance through the atmosphere, which absorbs, scatters and reflects the solar radiation.

Tropical areas (i.e. lower latitudes, nearer the equator) receive solar radiation which is closer to vertical.

The angle of incidence of the rays, combined with the albedo of the surface has also a strong influence on the amount of energy being absorbed (or reflected) at the surface. In the ice-covered polar zones, almost all direct energy from the sun is reflected because it is white and the angle is small. In short, the angle of incidence affects the heating of the surface in 3 different ways: length of atmospheric track, variable flux and variable reflection

For simplicity, the diagram ignores the axial tilt of the Earth, which causes each pole to slip into darkness for around 6 months of the year, and means the equator's ground is generally not perpendicular with the sun's light.

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Photo credit: Peter Halasz. (User:Pengo)

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This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license.
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Although not a requirement of the license, if you use this image in print or media other than the web, I would appreciate it if you let me know. Please contact me if you require alternate licensing.

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Date/TimeThumbnailDimensionsUserComment
current11:10, 21 May 2021Thumbnail for version as of 11:10, 21 May 2021800 × 600 (38 KB)Bosogo (talk | contribs)File uploaded using svgtranslate tool (https://svgtranslate.toolforge.org/). Added translation for ky.
09:50, 5 April 2016Thumbnail for version as of 09:50, 5 April 2016800 × 600 (25 KB)Pengo (talk | contribs)Reverted to version as of 23:41, 29 June 2007 (UTC) -- please use a different filename for translation
11:08, 21 March 2016Thumbnail for version as of 11:08, 21 March 2016512 × 442 (5 KB)Sjoel (talk | contribs)This image is a translation into catalan from the original image.
23:41, 29 June 2007Thumbnail for version as of 23:41, 29 June 2007800 × 600 (25 KB)Pengo (talk | contribs) See Oblique rays 02 Pengo.svg for details. {{Pengo2}}

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