Plutonium, 94 Pu ନାମ, ପ୍ରତୀକ plutonium, Pu Appearance silvery white, tarnishing to dark gray in air ଉଚ୍ଚାରଣ ploo-TOH -nee-əm ପରମାଣୁ କ୍ରମାଙ୍କ (Z ) 94 ଶ୍ରେଣୀ , ବ୍ଳକgroup n/a , f-block ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାୟ period 7 ମୌଳିକ ପ୍ରକାର actinideମାନକ ପରମାଣବିକ ଓଜନ (A r ) (244) ଇଲେକ୍ଟ୍ରୋନ୍ ବିନ୍ୟାସ [Rn ] 5f6 7s2 per shell
2, 8, 18, 32, 24, 8, 2 ଅବସ୍ଥା solid ଗଳନାଙ୍କ 912.5 K (639.4 °C, 1182.9 °F) ସ୍ଫୁଟନାଙ୍କ 3505 K (3228 °C, 5842 °F) Density near r.t. 19.816 g/cm3 when liquid, at m.p. 16.63 g/cm3 Heat of fusion 2.82 kJ/mol Heat of 333.5 kJ/mol Molar heat capacity 35.5 J/(mol·K) pressure P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 1756 1953 2198 2511 2926 3499
Oxidation states 8, 7, 6, 5, 4 , 3, 2, 1 (amphoteric oxide) Electronegativity Pauling scale: 1.28 Atomic radius empirical: 159 pm Covalent radius 187±1 pm Crystal structure monoclinic Speed of sound 2260 m/s Thermal expansion 46.7 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C) Thermal conductivity 6.74 W/(m·K) Electrical resistivity 1.460 µ Ω·m (at 0 °C) Magnetic ordering paramagnetic Young's modulus 96 GPa Shear modulus 43 GPa Poisson ratio 0.21 CAS Number 7440-07-5 ଆବିଷ୍କାର Glenn T. Seaborg, Arthur Wahl, Joseph W. Kennedy, Edwin McMillan (1940–1) iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP 238 Pu trace 87.74 y SF 204.66 — α 5.5 234 U 239 Pu 100% 2.41 × 104 y SF 207.06 — α 5.157 235 U 240 Pu trace 6.5 × 103 y SF 205.66 — α 5.256 236 U 241 Pu syn 14 y β− 0.02078 241 Am SF 210.83 — 242 Pu trace 3.73 × 105 y SF 209.47 — α 4.984 238 U 244 Pu trace 8.08 × 107 y α 4.666 240 U SF —
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ଧର୍ମ
ଉପସ୍ଥିତି
ଗଠନ
ଉତ୍ପାଦନ
ବ୍ୟବହାର
ଆହୁରି ଦେଖନ୍ତୁ
ଆଧାର ବାହାର ତଥ୍ୟ ଉଇକିମିଡ଼ିଆ କମନ୍ସରେ
Plutonium ବାବଦରେ ମାଧ୍ୟମ ରହିଛି ।
Sutcliffe, W.G.; et al. (1995). "A Perspective on the Dangers of Plutonium" . Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Archived from the original on September 29, 2006. Retrieved April 24, 2013 . Johnson, C.M.; Davis, Z.S. (1997). "Nuclear Weapons: Disposal Options for Surplus Weapons-Usable Plutonium" . CRS Report for Congress # 97-564 ENR . Retrieved February 15, 2009 . IEER contributors (2005). "Physical, Nuclear, and Chemical, Properties of Plutonium" . IEER. Retrieved February 15, 2009 . Bhadeshia, H. "Plutonium crystallography" . Samuels, D. (2005). "End of the Plutonium Age" . Discover Magazine . 26 (11). Pike, J.; Sherman, R. (2000). "Plutonium production" . Federation of American Scientists. Archived from the original on September 5, 2011. Retrieved February 15, 2009 . Nuclear Weapon Archive contributors. "Plutonium Manufacture and Fabrication" . Nuclearweaponarchive.org. Ong, C. (1999). "World Plutonium Inventories" . Nuclear Files.org. Archived from the original on June 21, 2011. Retrieved February 15, 2009 . LANL contributors (2000). "Challenges in Plutonium Science" . Los Alamos Science . I & II (26). Retrieved February 15, 2009 . NLM contributors. "Plutonium, Radioactive" . NLM Hazardous Substances Databank. Retrieved February 15, 2009 . Alsos contributors. "Annotated Bibliography on plutonium" . Alsos Digital Library for Nuclear Issues. Archived from the original on February 3, 2009. Retrieved February 15, 2009 . Chemistry in its element podcast (MP3) from the Royal Society of Chemistry's Chemistry World: Plutonium Plutonium at The Periodic Table of Videos (University of Nottingham)
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