Starlink

Ikufunanso ntchito yapadziko lonse lapansi ya mafoni am'manja pambuyo pa 2023. SpaceX idayamba kukhazikitsa masatilaiti a Starlink mu 2019. Pofika Seputembara 2022, Starlink ili ndi ma satelayiti ang'onoang'ono opitilira 3,000 opangidwa mochuluka mu low Earth orbit (LEO),[5] omwe amalumikizana ndi malo omwe adasankhidwa. transceivers. Starlink imapereka mwayi wopezeka pa intaneti kwa olembetsa opitilira 500,000 kuyambira Juni 2022.

Malo opangira ma satellite a SpaceX ku Redmond, Washington amakhala ndi magulu ofufuza a Starlink, chitukuko, kupanga, ndi ma orbit control. Mtengo wa projekiti yazaka khumi yopangira, kumanga, ndi kutumiza gulu la nyenyezilo akuti ndi SpaceX mu Meyi 2018 kukhala osachepera $ 10 biliyoni. Mu February 2017, zolemba zinasonyeza kuti SpaceX ikuyembekeza ndalama zoposa $ 30 biliyoni pofika 2025 kuchokera ku gulu la nyenyezi la satellite, pamene ndalama zochokera ku bizinesi yake yoyambitsa zikuyembekezeka kufika $ 5 biliyoni chaka chomwecho.

Pa 15 Okutobala 2019, United States Federal Communications Commission (FCC) idapereka zikalata ku International Telecommunication Union (ITU) m'malo mwa SpaceX kuti ikonzekere ma satelayiti owonjezera 30,000 a Starlink kuti awonjezere ma satellite 12,000 a Starlink omwe avomerezedwa kale ndi FCC.

Akatswiri a sayansi ya zakuthambo anena kuti akuda nkhawa ndi mmene magulu a nyenyeziwo angakhudzire sayansi ya zakuthambo zozikidwa pa nthaka komanso mmene ma satelayitiwo angawonjezerere malo okhala kale ozungulira ozungulira. SpaceX yayesera kuchepetsa nkhawa zakuthambo pokhazikitsa ma satelayiti a Starlink omwe cholinga chake ndi kuchepetsa kuwala kwawo panthawi yogwira ntchito. Kuphatikiza apo, ma satelayiti amapangidwa kuti apewe kugundana kutengera deta yolumikizidwa.

Milalang'amba ya ma satelayiti otsika a Earth orbit idayamba kuganiziridwa mkati mwa zaka za m'ma 1980 ngati gawo la Strategic Defense Initiative, pomwe zida zidayenera kukhazikitsidwa mozungulira kuti ziwike zida zoponya mwangozi posachedwa. Kuthekera kwa kulumikizana kwanthawi yayitali kudazindikirikanso ndikukula kwa masamba muzaka za m'ma 1990 kudapangitsa kuti magulu ambiri amalonda azigwiritsa ntchito ma satellite pafupifupi 100 monga Celestri, Teledesic, Iridium, ndi Globalstar. Komabe mabungwe onse adalowa mu bankirapuse chifukwa cha kuphulika kwa dot-com, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ndalama zoyambira panthawiyo.

Mu June 2004, kampani yatsopano yotchedwa SpaceX inapeza gawo la Surrey Satellite Technology (SSTL) monga gawo la "masomphenya ogawana nawo". SSTL panthawiyo inali ntchito yokulitsa intaneti mumlengalenga. Komabe, mtengo wa SpaceX udagulitsidwanso ku EADS Astrium mu 2008 kampaniyo itayang'ana kwambiri pakuyenda komanso kuyang'anira Earth.

Kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 2014, Elon Musk ndi Greg Wyler akuti ankagwira ntchito limodzi kukonza gulu la nyenyezi la ma satellites pafupifupi 700 lotchedwa WorldVu, lomwe likanakhala lalikulu kuwirikiza ka 10 kukula kwa gulu la nyenyezi lalikulu kwambiri la Iridium panthawiyo. Komabe, zokambiranazi zidatha pofika mu June 2014, ndipo SpaceX m'malo mwake idapereka pulogalamu ya ITU kudzera ku Norway telecom regulator pansi pa dzina lakuti STEAM. SpaceX idatsimikizira kulumikizana mu pulogalamu ya 2016 yopatsa chilolezo Starlink ndi FCC. SpaceX idalemba dzina la Starlink pamanetiweki awo a satellite broadband; dzinalo linauziridwa ndi bukhu lakuti The Fault in Our Stars.

Pofuna kupereka chithandizo cha satellite m'dziko lililonse, malamulo a International Telecommunication Union (ITU) ndi mapangano omwe akhalapo kwanthawi yayitali padziko lonse lapansi amafuna kuti ufulu wofikira uperekedwe ndi ulamuliro wa dziko lililonse, komanso m'dziko, ndi oyang'anira zoyankhulirana m'dziko. Zotsatira zake, ngakhale network ya Starlink ili pafupi ndi dziko lonse lapansi pamtunda wocheperapo pafupifupi 60 °, mautumiki a Broadband atha kuperekedwa m'maiko 40 kuyambira Seputembara 2022. SpaceX imathanso kukhala ndi magwiridwe antchito komanso malingaliro azachuma omwe angapangitse kusiyana. ndi mayiko ati omwe amapereka chithandizo cha Starlink, mwadongosolo liti, komanso posachedwa. Mwachitsanzo, SpaceX idapempha chilolezo ku Canada kokha mu June 2020, olamulira aku Canada adavomereza mu Novembala 2020, ndipo SpaceX idakhazikitsa miyezi iwiri pambuyo pake, mu Januware 2021. Pofika Seputembala 2022, ntchito za Starlink zinali kuperekedwa m'maiko 40. , ndi mapulogalamu omwe akudikirira kuvomerezedwa ndi malamulo ena ambiri. Wothandizira mafoni aku Japan, KDDI, adalengeza mgwirizano ndi SpaceX kuti ayambe kupereka mu 2022 kukulitsa kulumikizana kwamakasitomala akumidzi akumidzi kudzera pansanja zakutali za 1,200. Pa Epulo 25, 2022, Hawaiian Airlines idalengeza mgwirizano ndi Starlink kuti ipereke intaneti yaulere pa ndege yake, kukhala ndege yoyamba kugwiritsa ntchito Starlink. Mu May 2022, analengeza kuti chivomerezo cha malamulo chaperekedwa ku Nigeria, Mozambique, ndi Philippines. Mu Julayi 2022, zidalengezedwa kuti Starlink ikupezeka m'maiko 36 ndi misika 41.

#	Kontinenti	Dziko	Poyamba
1	North America	United StatesTemplate:Country data Puerto RicoTemplate:Country data United States Virgin Islands	Limited trials August 2020, public beta November 2020
2	North America	Canada	January 2021
3	Europe	United Kingdom	January 2021
4	Europe	Germany	March 2021
5	Oceania	New Zealand	April 2021
6	Oceania	Australia	April 2021
7	Europe	FranceTemplate:Country data Saint MartinTemplate:Country data Saint Barthélemy	Original debut May 2021, Revoked April 2022, Re-approved June 2022
8	Europe	Template:Country data Austria	May 2021
9	Europe	Netherlands	May 2021
10	Europe	Belgium	May 2021
11	Europe	Ireland	Limited trials April 2021, public beta July 2021
12	Europe	Denmark	July 2021
13	Europe	Portugal	August 2021
14	Europe	Template:Country data Switzerland	August 2021
15	South America	Chile	Limited trials July 2021, public beta September 2021
16	Europe	Template:Country data Poland	September 2021
17	Europe	Italy	September 2021
18	Europe	Template:Country data Czech Republic	September 2021
19	Europe	Template:Country data Sweden	October 2021
20	North America	Mexico	November 2021
21	Europe	Template:Country data Croatia	November 2021
22	Europe	Template:Country data Lithuania	December 2021
23	Europe	Spain	January 2022
24	Europe	Template:Country data Slovakia	January 2022
25	Europe	Template:Country data Slovenia	January 2022
26	Oceania	Template:Country data Tonga	February 2022
27	South America	Brazil	January 2022
28	Europe	Template:Country data Bulgaria	February 2022
29	Europe	Template:Country data Ukraine	February 2022
30	Europe	Template:Country data Romania	April 2022
31	Europe	Template:Country data Greece	April 2022
32	Europe	Template:Country data Latvia	April 2022
33	Europe	Hungary	May 2022
34	Europe	Template:Country data North Macedonia	June 2022
35	Europe	Luxembourg	July 2022
36	North America	Template:Country data Dominican Republic	July 2022
37	Europe	Template:Country data Moldova	August 2022
38	Europe	Template:Country data Estonia	August 2022
39	South America	Colombia	August 2022
40	Europe	Norway	August 2022
41	Europe	Template:Country data Malta	September 2022