格致者,謂格物致知。《大學》云:「致知在格物,物格而後知至。」朱子注曰:「推極吾之知識,欲其所知無不盡」,「窮至事物之理,欲其極處無不到也。」
通語稱科學者,英言賽恩斯(science),五四人稱賽先生,明清人謂之格物致知之學,略云格致、格物、格學。梁啟超曰:「形而下學,即質學、化學、天文學、地質學、全體學、動物學、物學等是也。吾因近人通行名義,舉凡屬於形而下學,皆謂之格致。」今名科學,日賢西周之譯也。本詁科舉之學,或分科之學,明治後乃專指science,今則統人文、物理而言之矣。
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