Vubhuda

Vubhuda byi sukela eka Indiya wa khale exikarhi ka malembe xidzana ya vuntsevu (6) na vumnune (4), laha byi hangalakeke eka tiko-nkulu ra Axiya, endzhaku ku swona byi hungukeke e Indiya. Marhavi lama kulu ya Vubhuda i: Theravada (Pali: "Xikolo xa vakulu") na Mahayana (Sanskrit: "Golonyi leyi kulu"). Vubhuda i vukhongeri bya vumune lebyi kulu emisaveni, naswona byina kwalomu ka 500 watimiliyoni ta valandzeri lava tiviwaka hi Mabhuda.

Swikolo swa fipfumelo ra vubhuda, swi hambana hi tinhlamuselo ka ndlela yo ya enkutsulweni, nkoka wa matsalwa yo kwetsima, na magandzelele ya kona. Magandzelele ya vubhuda mahlanganisa ku tumbela eka bhuda, Dharma na Sangha, ku hlahluva matswalwa, kulandzelela kutikhoma lokunene, ku ala ku navela, ku tidyondzisa ku encisa, kuhlakulela vuthlarhi, vunene; rirhandzu na ntwela vusiwana, Swiendlo swa vaMahayana swa bodhicitta na Vajrayana swa masungulo kumbe kuhetiseka.

Eka Theravada, nkutlunya lowu kulu iku hetisisa kleshas na kufikelela ndzhawu leyi nene ya Nirvana, leswi kumekaka hi ku landzelela ndlela leyi nene ya swiyenge swa nhungu (leyi thlelaka yitiviwa tani hi ndlela yale xikarhi), hindlela yeleyo, vakota ku papalata ndzendzeleko wa ku xaniseka. Theravada yina valandzeri votala eXrilanka na Axiya wale dzongeni.

Mahayana, lebyi hlanganisaka mindzhavuko yale tikweni ra Pure, Zen, Nichireni, Xinghoni na Tayitayi, byi kumeka e vuxeni bya Axiya. kuhambana na Nivhana, vuMahayana byi lava ku fikelela ndlela ya bodhisattva, vuyimo lebyi munhu a tsamaka eka ndzendzeleko wa kutswariwa leswaku vapfuna van'wana ku fikelela kuxalamuka.

vuVajrayana, i tidyondzo leti landzeleriwaka hi va Indiya vale Sidha, naswona byi voniwa tani hi rhavi ravunharhu bya vubhuda. Vubhuda bya le Thibheti, lebyi landzelelaka tidyondzo ta Vajrayana, naswona byi landzeleriwa ngopfu e tindzhawini ta Himalaya, Mongholiya na Kalmykiya.