Aselway N Tegduda Tatunsit

Deg uzwel agi, yeḍebber adabu aselkam s unabaḍ yetsselwayen sɣur aɣella n unabaḍ. Ɣef leḥsab n umagrad 77 n Tamenḍawt tagdudant n wass n 10 fuṛaṛ 2014, yeḍebber daɣen anzaḍ aɛlayan n tidusiyin yettwassemregen.

Ɣef leḥsab n Tamenḍawt, yetwafren s afran ameɣradi srid i anna n semmus iseggasen, ayzmaynu yiwet tikkelt kan. Seg assebded n tawuri, aten-id wid yeṭṭfen amkan nni :

• Ḥabib Burgiba, armi i tid stixeren ass n 7 wamber 1987 sakkin kraḍt n tmerwin n udabu (ɣef ljal n uddad ines n tadawsa, aseqqamu n imsujjiyen yenna-d, ur yezmer ara ad yekemmel deg tiwura ines) ;
• Zin Lɛabidin Ben Ɛli, Aneɣlaf amezwaru aneggaru n Uselway Burgiba yeṭṭfen amahil agi am amekki alma d tifernin tinsiadin n 1989 dɣa yettwafren s umgerrad ameqran ;
• Fuɛad Mebazɛa, aselway n taxxamt n imazanen, yetwasseɣret aselway deg imedzi sɣur Aseqqamu amenḍawan ass n 15 yennayer 2011 sakkin tagrawla ;
• Munsef Marzuqi, yettwafren aselway sɣur Agraw ismatteran, i tallit n tukkit yettaweyn ar asaselgam n Tamenḍawt tamaynut.
• Bejji Lqayed Ssebṣi, aselway amezwaru yettwafrenen s umagdayar afran ameɣradi deg umezruy n Tunes, sakkin tafrent n 2014.

Burgiba dɣa Ben Ɛli sselwayen daɣen akabar deg udabu, yettwasemman Amay-Dustuṛ, Akabar anemlay adustuṛi dɣa Amsegraw amenḍawan amagday, seg azarug deg useggas 1956 ar tagrawla n 2011.

Akabar amezwaru aɣelnaẓri, Dustuṛ, yettwassebdeden deg useggas 1920 yebɣa yakan asaselgam n yiwet tamenḍawt id tḍwelen ar tanaya timeẓwit dɣa imenzayen n udabu amagday war ad ḍḍesen ar umenzay n tagelda. Akkw am Amay-Dustuṛ yexeddmen agzam deg useggas 1934 ddaw tamehla n Ḥabib Burgiba, yettkemmel ad yessenfali tabbanit ines i unhil yellan deg tawuri. Aswir n Umay-Dustuṛ yellan di Sfax seg 15 ar 18 wamber 1955 yesnezgem :

 

Ɣef afermes n unhil sɣur amezdaɣ, Muḥsen Tumi yura :

Ihi, imi id yettwakmer kan id yezmel Lamine Bey ass n 29 dujamber 1955 tanaḍt id yesawelen ar tafrent n Ugraw ismatteran^,. Mɣar sakkin azarug d tafrent n Ugraw, tanarit tasertayt n Amay-Dustuṛ yessegrew ass n 10 yebrir 1956 yeḥettem agellid ad as yinni i Burgiba ad yessileɣ anabaḍ amezwaru n Tunes tazarugt. Ihi Burgiba yeddem amazrar n isuḍaf am taggara n iglamen n tawacult taḥusinit (tanaḍt n 31 mayyu 1956) neɣ tadbelt n taɣult tusligt n umuɣ aɣarim n bey (amarud amseggas id ttwafken i akkw imaslaḍen n tawacult tabeylikalt (taɛetmanit)) daɣen taɣult n uqacuc sɣur yiwen anedbal yetxeddmen deg aɣlif n teẓraf. Charles Debbasch yura ɣef waya:

 

I lmend n umulli wis sin n tuqqla ines ar Tunes, ass n 1 yunyu 1957, Ḥabib Burgiba yebɣa ad yesseɣret Tagduda, maca tazɣint n assaɣen iṛumiyen-itunsiyen id yussan seg uḥbas n tallalt n teẓraf n Fransa, yetwexxer tadyant. Ass n {22 yulyu]], tanarit tasertayt n Amay-Dustuṛ tesseɣret taseɣra n imazanen n Agraw ismatteran ar tiɣimit tafeɣnamit yettwassuddsen ass n 25 yulyu. Tiɣimit tebedda af 9 h 23 deg tazeɣɣa n usgeld n leqṣer n Bardo ddaw taselwit n Ǧelluli Fares d tihawt n tafekka tadiplumatit. Aneɣlaf amezwaru Ḥabib Burgiba d imaslaḍen n unabaḍ ines, slid Becir Ben Yahmed ur llan ara d awamni, qqimen ɣef uɣalad n imaslaḍen. Imi-d yeldi tiɣimit, Fares yederrer belli imaslaḍen ilaq ad innin anta talɣa is ilaqen i unhil. Ahmed Ben Salah, anmazul n uselway n Ugraw, yenna-d tidmi ines akagi :

Awalen agi ttwasergegen sɣur tigermanin tidfirin. Af 15 h 30, Burgiba yebeḍḍa aẓmaẓ anarray n umnakel n beys, yerduten af ddell d taxendallast. Yeffuk deg tagara s taseɣrut n Tagduda:

Deg taggara, afran s unemzel yeser anhil ageldan aqdim 252 iseggasen dɣa yessebded anhil agdudan yersan ɣef Amay-Dustuṛ kan. Aylaten n bey ttwakksen-as dɣa ṣleḥen i urẓam n umerwas n Uwanak. Burgiba yekcem srid deg tiwura-s n uselway deg timeṛjiwt n tirawt n Tamenḍawt id effken sin iseggasen sakkin tumast taselwayant n unhil amaynu.

Amezruy Afranan

Ass n 8 wamber 1959 llant tifernin timezwura tiselwayin d timsuḍaf. Sakkin, sin isniɣesen agi ttwadrun deg unsay deg yiwen wass kan, ass n acer (lḥedd).

Seg isniɣes amezwaru, Burgiba yesɛa-d abeḥri n umalway amszarug, netta kan i d-amazwar anwarmirm. Ad yeqqim akken armi d 1974, agmuḍ ines ur yeḥbes ara ad yerni seg 91 % deg 1959 ar 99,85 % deg 1974. Armi kan ass n 10 ctamber 1974 yella wayeḍ amazwar nniḍen i ɛerden ad yesssissen mgal aselway. Cadli Zwiten, aselway n Taxxamt tilemẓit tudmist n Tunes, yesseɣret aɣtas ines deg asseɣret ar taɣemsa yili yettwaḍfer sɣur alɣu n yiwen umaslaḍ n tiddukla nni yetssumelen aɣtas n uselway ines. Am yettwarǧu, tirtit ur tettwaḍḍef ara sɣur tasmilt ad hoc. Isniɣes agi ad yilli d aneggaru acku yettwaḍfer aseggas aḍfar sɣur taseɣrut n Burgiba am « aselway ar tudert ».

Ilaq an arǧu snat n tmerwin iwakken an ẓer aneɛruḍ wis sin n Munsef Marzuqi, aselway anaffaɣ n Tamɣunt tatunsit n izerfan n wemdan, yebɣan ad yessissen mgal Ben Ɛli deg useggas 1994. Yili, ur yezmer ara ad yessegrew amḍan n izmalen yelaqen iwakken ad yettekki ar tafrent dɣa sakkin yettwaḥbes daɣen yettwagdel n upaspuṛ. Zdat isedrigen agi, ilaq ad rǧun isuḍaf imenḍawanen yetwadɣeren « s uzwel asɣasan », dɣa yeksalugen ar umagrad 40 n Tamenḍawt, i tifernin n 1999, 2004 d 2009, iwakken imazwaren nniḍen ad zemren ad ssissnen iman-nsen ar tinneflest tanafellat.

Sakkin tagrawla id gweyn ar tagellawt n Ben Ɛli, Agraw ismatteran yefren aselway n Tagduda s taqiḍuft tuffirt, ass n 12 dujamber 2011, s tigti tamagdezt n imaslaḍen ines. Mraw imazwaren ssissnen-d maca, tam ur d ssegrewen ara mraw semmus izmalen yelaqen dɣa yiwen umazwar ur yesɛa ara leɛmeṛ yelaqen, yiwen kan yesɛan tiwtilin yelaqen i tirtit. Munsef Marzuqi yettwafren s 153 tuɣac, kraḍt mgal, snat taggalin d 44 idɣaren imellalen, yesmezri aken i Fuɛad Mebazɛa yellan deg tawuri am imedzi.

Sakkin tuddma n Tamenḍawt tamaynut, adɣar yettwahel ass n 23 wamber 2014 i tafrent n uselway amaynu n Tagduda. Ass n 21 dujamber, sakkin tuzzya tis snat, Bejji Lqayed Ssebṣi, aneɣlaf aqdim ddaw Burgiba dɣa aselway n Taxxamt n imazanen ddaw Ben Ɛli, yettwafren deg tuzzya tis snat s 55,68 % n tuɣac, aselway Marzuqi yegweyd 44,32 %. D aselway amezwaru yettwafrenen s umagday deg tamurt.

Uḍḍun	Tarudemt	Isem	Tamezwart n anna	Tagara n anna	Tikkin tasertayt	Tira
1		Ḥabib Burgiba (3 ɣuct 1903 - 6 yebrir 2000)	25 yulyu 1957	7 wamber 1987	Amay-Dustuṛ (1957-1964) PSD (1964-1987)	Aneɣlaf amezwaru ddaw Lamine, bey n Tunes, Ḥabib Burgiba yeherḍ agellid s taseɣrut ass n 25 yulyu 1957 anhil ayɣef yettwafren aselway. Yettwafren s uzwil ameqran Aselway n Tagduda tatunsit ass n 8 wamber 1959, dɣa d netta kan id amazwar ar tafrent agi, Ḥabib Burgiba yettwafren aselway ar tudert ass n 18 meɣres 1975. Yettwakkes ass n 7 wamber 1987 sɣur Aneɣlaf ines amezwaru Zin Lɛabidin Ben Ɛli.
2		Zin Lɛabidin Ben Ɛli (yellul ass n 3 ctamber 1936–2019)	7 wamber 1987	14 yennayer 2011	PSD (1987-1988) RCD (1988-2011)	Aneɣlaf amezwaru d aneɣlaf n Tɣawsiwin n daxel n uselway Burgiba, Zin Lɛabidin Ben Ɛli yekkes aɣella n Uwanak, yennad acku d awessar aṭas iwakkend ad yekemmel ad yesselwi tamurt. Deg dujamber 2010, yuffad iman-is zdat tayyugt tameqrant n tikliwin timeẓwiyin ; yeserreḥ deg tagara taselwit ass n 14 yennayer 2011, ddaw aḥṛas n imesbaniyen, dɣa yezrizeɣ di Tagelda Tasaɛudit, s tameṭṭut-is Leila Ben Ɛli.
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3		Fuɛad Mebazɛa (yellul ass n 15 yunyu 1933)	15 yennayer 2011	13 dujamber 2011	RCD (2011) Indépendant (2011)	Am aselway n Taxxamt n imazanen, Fuɛad Mebazɛa yuɣal aselway n Tagduda s imedzi ass n 15 yennayer 2011, sakkin tagellawt n uselway Ben Ɛli ar Tagelda Tasaɛudit. D tikkelt tamezwarut deg umezruy n taselwit i tettwexdem s imedzi.
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4		Munsef Marzuqi (yellul ass n 7 yulyu 1945)	13 décembre 2011	31 décembre 2014	CPR	Aselway amezwaru n Tagduda yettwafrenen sakkin tagrawla yegweyn ar tadṛawt n uselway Ben Ɛli, Munsef Marzuqi d aselway amezwaru ur d yeffɣen ara seg ukabar yellan deg udabu seg wasmi yella uzarug.
5		Bejji Lqayed Ssebṣi (yellul ass n 29 wamber 1926 - 2019)	31 dujamber 2014	2019	Nidaɛ Tunes	Imi-d yerbeḥ tafrent taselwayant deg tuzzya tis snat mgal aselway anaffaɣ, Munsef Marzuqi, Bejji Lqayed Ssebṣi yuɣal aselway amezwaru yettwafrenen s umagday ar afran ameɣradi srid sakkin tagrawla.