Hong Kong (/ˌhɒŋˈkɒŋ/ (listen); Chinese: 香港, Hong Kong Cantonese: (listen), literally Fragrant Port), officially The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of The People's Republic of China, is one of two Special Administrative Regions (SARs) of the People's Republic of China (the other is Macau).
This article needs to be updated.(August 2020) |
Hong Kong | |||||
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Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China
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Sovereign state | China | ||||
British possession | 26 January 1841 | ||||
Treaty of Nanking | 29 August 1842 | ||||
Convention of Peking | 24 October 1860 | ||||
New Territories lease | 9 June 1898 | ||||
Imperial Japanese occupation | 25 December 1941 to 30 August 1945 | ||||
Sino-British Joint Declaration | 19 December 1984 | ||||
Handover to China | 1 July 1997 | ||||
Administrative centre | Tamar | ||||
Largest district by population | Sha Tin | ||||
Official languages |
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Cantonese | |||||
Traditional Chinese English alphabet | |||||
Ethnic groups (2016) | 92.0% Chinese 2.5% Filipino 2.1% Indonesian 1.1% Indian 0.8% White 0.3% Nepalese 1.6% Others | ||||
Demonym(s) | Hongkonger | ||||
Government | Devolved executive-led government within a unitary one-party state | ||||
John Lee | |||||
Eric Chan | |||||
• Council President | Andrew Leung | ||||
• Chief Justice | Andrew Cheung | ||||
Legislature | Legislative Council | ||||
National representation | |||||
36 deputies | |||||
203 delegates | |||||
Area | |||||
• Total | 2,754.97 km2 (1,063.70 sq mi) (168th) | ||||
• Water (%) | 59.70% (1644.79 km2; 635.05 sq mi) | ||||
• Land | 1,110.18 km2 (428.64 sq mi) | ||||
Highest elevation (Tai Mo Shan) | 957 m (3,140 ft) | ||||
Lowest elevation | 0 m (0 ft) | ||||
Population | |||||
• 2022 estimate | 7,291,600 | ||||
• 2021 census | 7,413,070 | ||||
• Density | 6,801/km2 (17,614.5/sq mi) (4th) | ||||
GDP (PPP) | 2022 estimate | ||||
• Total | $518.743 billion (48th) | ||||
• Per capita | $69,987 (11th) | ||||
GDP (nominal) | 2022 estimate | ||||
• Total | $368.373 billion (43rd) | ||||
• Per capita | $49,700 (18th) | ||||
Gini (2016) | 53.9 high | ||||
HDI (2021) | 0.952 very high · 4th | ||||
Currency | Hong Kong dollar (HK$) (HKD) | ||||
Time zone | UTC+08:00 (HKT) | ||||
Date format | dd/mm/yyyy yyyy年mm月dd日 | ||||
Mains electricity | 220 V–50 Hz | ||||
Driving side | left | ||||
Calling code | +852 | ||||
ISO 3166 code |
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Internet TLD |
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License plate prefixes | None for local vehicles, 粤Z for cross-boundary vehicles |
It is one of the richest and most developed parts in the world, and one where the cost of living is one of the highest. Hong Kong grew quickly in the decades after World War II, becoming a famous world-class financial centre. Hong Kong was one of the last territories of the British Empire until 1997, when United Kingdom handed it over to China. China then promised to grant it special status for 50 years.
The population of Hong Kong is over seven million. The economy has rapidly grown from a trading port to a very rich city. Hong Kong has the most skyscrapers in the world.
Hong Kong is divided into 3 main parts:
Hong Kong was a British colony from 1842 to 1997 as China surrendered the city after losing the Second Opium War. After the handover in 1997, Hong Kong became under Chinese control under special status.
Hong Kong has its own constitution that is different from that of the People's Republic of China (PRC).
Hong Kong is in a sub-tropical area, and has monsoon winds. It is cool and wet in winter (January-March), hot and rainy from spring through summer (April-September), and warm, sunny and dry in the autumn (October-December). The rainy season is from May until September. In summer and early autumn, there is a frequent threat of typhoons.
The population of Hong Kong reached 7 million (7,413,070) in 2021. Most of the people in Hong Kong are Chinese. Hong Kong is one of the most densely populated countries in the world. It has an overall population density of 6,300 people per square kilometre.
Hong Kong has one of the world’s lowest birth rates — 1.05 per woman at an age of being capable to give birth as of 2019. This is far below the rate needed to replace each person, 2.1.
People from Hong Kong mainly speak Cantonese. Students are required to learn English at school. Ever since Hong Kong became a part of China, the number of people who speak Mandarin has increased because Mandarin is the official language of China.
In Hong Kong, 17 days of the year are public holidays:
There are coins from 10 cents to 10 Hong Kong Dollars and bank-notes (paper money bills) from $10 to $1000. One American dollar equals to HK$7.80±0.05 Hong Kong Dollars, according to the official pegged exchange rate.
Hong Kong's education system is mostly based on the English system. Children are required to be in school from age 6 until completing secondary school (high school) at age 18.
Hong Kong has 11 Universities:
According to the International Housing Affordability survey, Hong Kong has the most unaffordable housing market in the world since 2010.
Here is a brief history of Hong Kong:
Around 4000 BC
Around 3500 BC
Around 2000 BC
Around 500 BC
221 BC
220 BC
1555
1799
1800
1839
1841
January 26, 1841
August 1841
1860
1888
1898
1900s
1920s-1930s
1933-1934
1941
December 8, 1941
December 25, 1941
August 1945
1949
1950
1953
1955
1983
1984
1990
1997
July 1, 1997
1998
June 2002
2003
March 10, 2005
June 16, 2005
March 2012
2014
2015
2016
2019
2020
Hong Kong has a few media companies, notably Television Broadcasts Limited (TVB), HK Television Entertainment (HKTVE), and Fantastic Television. Access to television is not affected by Chinese regulations, such as the Great Firewall, which filters and blocks certain programs.
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