Ligando
Ligando esas atomo, iono o molekulo portanta kemiala funcioni qua posibligas ligar su a uno o multa centrala atomi od ioni, ordinare envolvanta formala donaco di un o plura ek lua elektroni.
Metalo e metaloidi ligesas a ligandi en virtuale omna cirkonstanci, malgre ke gasatra "nuda" metala ioni povas esar kreita en forta vakuo. Ligandi en komplexo imperas la reaktiveso di centrala atomo, inkluzite ligando substitucado gradi, la reaktiveso di ligandi ipsa, ed oxido-reduktado.
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