Austria
Austria (German: Österreich), sarkari taur se Republic of Austria, madhya Europe ke ek des hae.
Austria ke parrosi des hae Germany, Czechia, Slovakia, Hungary, Slovenia, Italy, Switzerland, aur Liechtenstein. Abhi Austria ke chancellor Werner Faymann hae. 1995 se Austria European Union ke sadasya hae.
| Republik Österreich | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| |||
| Des ke jaankari | |||
| National anthem: | "Land der Berge, Land am Strome" | ||
| Log ke baare me | |||
| Official bhasa: | German | ||
| Abaadi: | |||
| - Total: | {{{populationtotal}}} | ||
| Jagha | |||
| [[file:{{{image_location}}}|250px|none|country map]] Hian pe des ke dunia ke map me dekhawa jaawe hae. | |||
| Capital City: | Vienna | ||
| Sab se barraa City: | Vienna | ||
| Area | |||
| - Total: | 83.858 km² (ranked 112°) | ||
| - Water: | 1,3 km² (n/a%) | ||
| Politics / Government | |||
| Established: | 27 July 1955 | ||
| Leader: | President: Alexander Van der Bellen | ||
| Economy / Money | |||
| Paisa ke naam: | Euro | ||
| International information | |||
| Time ke zone: | +1 | ||
| Telephone ke dialing code: | +43 | ||
| Internet domain: | .at | ||
Austria ke log German bhasa me baat kare hae, lekin aur kuch log Hungarian, Slovenian aur Croatian bhasa me bhi baat kare hae. Austria ke raajdhaanii Vienna (Wien) hae.
Austria, hajaar saal se bhi purana hae. Iske itihaas ninth century se suruu karaa jaae sake hae jab ki pahile Austrain log uu jagha jiske abhi Austria bola jaae hae me aae ke rahe lagin.
Austria, ek democratic des hae jisme nau state hae: Vorarlberg, the Tyrol, Salzburg, Carinthia, Styria, Upper Austria, Lower Austria, Vienna aur Burgenland. Ii ek neutral des hae jon ki 1955 se United Nations me hae.
Itihaas
Purana jamana
Jon jagha pe abhi Austria hae, me bahut din se admii log rahe hae. Pahila settlers Paleolithic age me, Neanderthal log rahin. Uu log kuch works of art, jaise ki Venus of Willendorf chhorr gain hae. Neolithic age, admii log hian rahat rahin mining kare ke khati jaise ki copper. Ötzi, ek mummy ke Austria aur Italy ke biich me glacier me pawa gais hae. Bronze Age me barraa basti aur fortress uu jagha pe banawa gais hae jahan pe resources rahaa jaise ki nimak ke mine Hallstatt ke nachdik.
Romans ke time
Romans log Austria bhar me bas gain rahaa. Uu log shahar banain jisme se khaas rahaa Carnuntum (Vienna ke nachdik), Virunum (Klagenfurt ke north me) aur Teurnia (Spittal an der Drau ke nachdik).
Nawaa jamana
800 se 1918 talak, Austria ek empire rahaa, jiske raja log House of Hapsburg ke rahin. 1914 me,Austria ke Archduke Franz Ferdinand ke Serbia me, hatya ke kaaran World War I suruu bhais rahaa. Larrai ke baad, jab ki Austrian Empire Germany aur Turkey ke saathe haar gais rahaa, tab uske sab non-German area ke ajaadi de diya gais. Iske baad ii ek republic hoe gais. Pahila republic 1918 se 1938, Second Republic 1945 se rahaa. 1938 se 1945 talak, Austria, Germany ke ek hissa rahaa. World War II ke baad 1955 talak, Austria ke Allied powers, occupy kare rahin.
1955 me,Austria United Nations ke join karis aur 1995 me [[European Union ke join karis. Ii OECD aur Interpol ke member bhi hae. 1999 se Austria me Euro currency ke kaam me laawa jaae hae.
Geography
Austria jaada kar ke pahaarr waala des hae kahe ki ii Alps me hae. Gharb ke uuncha Alps, sharq ke plains me hoe jaae hae.
Austria ke state
| # | State (Bundesland) | Capital | Area | Population | Rank | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Burgenland | Eisenstadt | 3,966 km² | 280,350 | 9 | |
| 2 | Carinthia (Kärnten) | Klagenfurt | 9,536 km² | 560,753 | 6 | |
| 3 | Lower Austria (Niederösterreich) | St. Pölten | 19,174 km² | 1,588,545 | 2 | |
| 4 | Upper Austria (Oberösterreich) | Linz | 11,980 km² | 1,405,986 | 3 | |
| 5 | Salzburg | Salzburg | 7,154 km² | 529,085 | 7 | |
| 6 | Styria (Steiermark) | Graz | 16,392 km² | 1,203,986 | 4 | |
| 7 | Tyrol (Tirol) | Innsbruck | 12,648 km² | 698,472 | 5 | |
| 8 | Vorarlberg | Bregenz | 2,601 km² | 364,611 | 8 | |
| 9 | Vienna (Wien) | Vienna (Wien) | 414.90 km² | 1,660,534 | 1 | |
 | ||||||
Culture
Music and Arts
Dher jaana maana composers Austria ke rahin jaise ki Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Joseph Haydn, Franz Schubert, Anton Bruckner, Johann Strauss, Sr., Johann Strauss, Jr. aur Gustav Mahler. Nawaa jamana me Arnold Schoenberg, Anton Webern aur Alban Berg, Second Viennese School ke rahin.
Austria me dher artist rahin jaise ki Gustav Klimt, Oskar Kokoschka, Egon Schiele or Friedensreich Hundertwasser, Inge Morath aur Otto Wagner.
Khana
Kuch mashhuur Austrian khana hae Wiener Schnitzel, Schweinsbraten, Kaiserschmarren, Knödel, Sachertorte au Tafelspitz.
Mashhuur Austrians
Scientists
- Ludwig Boltzmann
- Ernst Mach
- Christian Doppler
- Lise Meitner
- Erwin Schrödinger
- Wolfgang Pauli
- Anton Zeilinger
- Theodore Billroth
- Sigmund Freud
- Alfred Adler
Khel aur Entertainment
- Hermann Maier
- Arnold Schwarzenegger
- Falco
- Franz Joseph Haydd
Politics
- Adolf Hitler
- Kurt Waldheim
Austria ke President ke list (1919 se abhi talak)
| First Austrian Republic (1918-1938) ke President | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | Naam | Picture | Born-Died | Term of office | Party |
| 1 | Karl Seitz (President of the Constituent National Assembly to 10 November 1920, then acting president) |  | 1869-1950 | 5 March 1919 – 9 December 1920 | Social Democratic Party |
| 2 | Michael Hainisch | .jpg) | 1858-1940 | 9 December 1920 – 10 December 1928 | koi party ke nai |
| 3 | Wilhelm Miklas |  | 1872-1956 | 10 December 1928 – 13 March 1938 | Christian Social Party |
| Second Austrian Republic (1945 se abhi talak) ke President | |||||
| No. | Naam | Picture | Born-Died | Term of office | Party |
| 1 | Karl Renner |  | 1870-1950 | 29 April 1945 - 31 December 1950 | Social Democratic Party |
| 2 | Theodor Körner | .png) | 1873-1957 | 21 June 1951 - 4 January 1957 | Social Democratic Party |
| 3 | Adolf Schärf | .JPG) | 1890-1965 | 22 May 1957 - 28 February 1965 | Social Democratic Party |
| 4 | Franz Jonas |  | 1899-1974 | 9 June 1965 - 24 April 1974 | Social Democratic Party |
| 5 | Rudolf Kirchschläger |  | 1915-2000 | 8 July 1974 - 8 July 1986 | Social Democratic Party |
| 6 | Kurt Waldheim |  | 1918-2007 | 8 July 1986 - 8 July 1992 | Austrian People's Party |
| 7 | Thomas Klestil |  | 932-2004 | 8 July 1992 - 6 July 2004 | Austrian People's Party |
| 8 | Heinz Fischer | .jpg) | *1938 | 8 July 2004 - 8 July 2016 | Social Democratic Party |
| 9 | Alexander Van der Bellen |  | *1944 | 26 January 2017 se abhi talak | The Greens |
Chapa ke gallery
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1605 me Habsburg Emperor ke Coats of arms -
Battle of Vienna 1683 -
Congress of Vienna 1819 -
Modern Vienna -
Austria-Hungary ke 1910 ke map des ke bhasa dekhae hae -
Innsbruk, 1964 aur 1976 ke WInter Olympics -
Countryside
References
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