Mokupuni

He ʻāpana ʻo mahainaluna.

Mokupuni

place type

subclass of	landform, landmass, geographic location
occupant	islanders
model item	Busta Rhymes Island
category for eponymous categories	Category:Wikipedia categories named after islands
category for the view from the item	Category:Views from islands
category for the view of the item	Category:Views of islands

Nā nīnau wehewehe a me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana

Pyramid Poepoe

ʻO ka nui o ka mokupuni a me ka noho ʻana

ʻAʻole pili nā ana maoli o ka ʻāina i lalo loa i ka wehewehe ʻana o ka mokupuni. ʻO nā papa pōhaku liʻiliʻi, e like me ka pae ʻāina mai ke kahakai ʻo Scandinavian Baltic a i ʻole Holme ma ka ʻĀkelanika ʻĀkau, ua manaʻo mau ʻia he mau mokupuni. ʻO nā mokupuni liʻiliʻi loa o nā ʻātoli ma ka moana hema he mau mokupuni.

ʻO ka huaʻōlelo kahiko "mokupuni" pili i kahi mokupuni liʻiliʻi a ʻaʻole hilinaʻi i kahi ʻano mokupuni.

Inā noho ʻia ka ʻāina e ka poʻe, i noho ʻia ma mua a i ʻole hiki ke noho ʻia i kēia lā, ʻaʻole ia he mea nui no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka ʻāina ma ke ʻano he mokupuni (e ʻike i ka Mokupuni ʻole).

ʻO ka wehe ʻana mai ka peninsula

Peninsula ma Kroatia

ʻAʻole pili nā hale hana (kanal, alahaka, alahele) e hoʻokaʻawale i kahi mokupuni mai kahi ʻāina a i ʻole e hoʻopili iā ia. Inā hoʻopuni wale ʻia kahi ʻāina e ka wai ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻekolu a i ʻole he pilina kūlohelohe, ʻaʻole i kahe mau ʻia i kahi ʻāina nui aʻe, ua kapa ʻia ia he peninsula. He ʻano kūʻokoʻa o ka peninsula ka ʻāina poʻo no ka mea ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ka liiki o kona pili ʻana i ka ʻāina nui ma mua o kona laula nui loa.

Hoʻokaʻawale ʻana mai ka ʻātoli

ʻO Wake Atoll ma ka Pākīpika ʻĀkau

ʻAʻole ʻo ka ʻātoli he mokupuni ma ke ʻano koʻikoʻi, akā he pae ʻāina i loko o ke one liʻiliʻi a i ʻole nā ​​moku ʻākoʻa (motu) e hoʻopuni ana i kahi pūnāwai. ʻO kahi ʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe ʻo nā ʻātoli i hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻia, kahi i hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻia ai ka motu e nā kaʻina tectonic a ua hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ke kahawai waena a uhi pinepine ʻia i nā mea kanu. ʻO nā hihia kūikawā ʻē aʻe he ʻātoli hoʻokahi wale nō moku, e.g. B. Ceva-i-Ra, kekahi o na Rowley Shoals a i ole na Indispensable Reefs, a me na mea i hana i ke apo i paa o ka aina a puni ke kaona waena, e.g. E.g. Keeling Akau.

ʻO ka ʻokoʻa mai nā hale ʻē aʻe

ʻO ka "mokulele lana" me nā mea ʻenehana

ʻO ka Krausaue kahi moku ma ka Rhine me kahi lepo pōhaku e piʻi aʻe ma luna o ka ʻilikai me ka manaʻo ʻole he mokupuni.

ʻO ka moku loko loko ma Liepnitzsee, Barnim, Brandenburg

ʻO nā hale kūlohelohe ʻaʻole pili mau i ka lalo wai, e laʻa. E laʻa.: ʻAʻole i manaʻo ʻia nā moku hau, nā hau hau a me nā mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "nā mokupuni lana" he mau mokupuni, ʻoiai inā e noho paʻa ia mea ma ka honua no ka manawa lōʻihi (e ʻike iā Pobeda (iceberg)).

ʻOiai pili paʻa i ka honua, ʻaʻole ia he moku ka dome hau. I kekahi manawa hiki ke hoʻoholo ʻia ka ʻokoʻa o ka mokupuni "ʻoiaʻiʻo" i uhi ʻia i ka hau me nā ana kani kani.

ʻO nā ʻohe i hoʻopuni ʻia e ka wai hāmama, e.g. ʻAʻole nā ​​mokupuni ʻo "Schoppen" o Lake Neusiedl.

Hiki i nā waiho one i hana ʻia e ke kanaka i loko o ke kai a i ʻole nā ​​wai i uka ke hana i nā mokupuni hana.

ʻO nā hale i loko o ke kino wai, e like me nā paepae ʻeli, nā hale kukui, nā makani makani, nā hale ahu a me nā mea like i pili paʻa i ka lepo lalo, ʻaʻole ia he mokupuni no ka mea ʻaʻole lākou i ʻike i ke ʻano o ka ʻāina.

ʻO nā pōhaku a me nā pōhaku nui ʻē aʻe i hoʻopuni piha ʻia e ka wai akā ʻaʻole pili paʻa i ka lepo ma muli o ko lākou kumu ʻaʻole i manaʻo ʻia he mau mokupuni, no ka laʻana ʻo Schwanenstein, Buskam a i ʻole Georgenstein.

ʻAʻole nā ​​mokupuni ʻiliʻili, ʻoiai ua kapa pinepine ʻia lākou he "mau mokupuni ʻiliʻili".

Pēlā nō i nā pāpaʻu pōhaku e piʻi iki ana ma luna o ka ʻilikai, e like me: B. ka Krausaue ma ka Rhine luna.

ʻO kahi ʻano kūikawā ʻo ia nā mokupuni tidal, i nānā ʻia ma ke ʻano he mokupuni a i ʻole he kiʻekiʻe ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kai. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me kēia nā ʻāpana one, e like me ke one kiʻekiʻe, i manaʻo ʻia he mau mokupuni mau a no ka manawa pōkole.

ʻAʻohe mokupuni (kekahi hou aku) he mokupuni kahiko nona ka ʻāina i kēia manawa he ʻāpana o ka ʻāina nui. ʻO kahi laʻana ʻo ka moku Dutch mua ʻo Schokland, i hoʻopuni ʻia e ka ʻāina mai ka wā i hoʻokahe ʻia ai ka Noordoostpolder.

ʻAno moku

ʻElua ʻano mokupuni ma muli o ko lākou wahi:

ʻO nā mokupuni moana e piʻi aʻe ana mai ke kai ākea ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o ka waena o ka moana a i ʻole ka hopena o ka lua pele wela mai nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe, no laila, maʻamau, ʻo nā mokupuni pele a i ʻole nā ​​ʻātoll (nā moku ʻākoʻa me nā kumu pele)

ʻO nā mokupuni Continental e hoʻomaha ana ma ka papa a i ʻole aia i loko o ke kai papa ma kahi kokoke i kahi ʻāina ʻāina nui.

ʻO kekahi ʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ke ʻano o ke kino wai e kū ai ka mokupuni:

Nā mokupuni moana: nā mokupuni a pau i hoʻopuni ʻia e nā ʻāpana kai, me ka nānā ʻole inā he kai pāpaʻu (shelf sea) a i ʻole ke kai hohonu a ākea. Nā laʻana: Helgoland, Madeira, Cyprus, Hawaii, Cuba, Hainan etc.

Nā mokupuni i uka

Nā mokupuni muliwai, e like me B. ka Ilha do Bananal (Rio Araguaia) a i ʻole Harriersand (Weser)

Nā mokupuni kai, e like me B. Mainau (Lake Constance), Herreninsel (Chiemsee)a me Fraueninsel (Chiemsee)

ʻO nā mokupuni mua e kū pono ana i ke kai, e like me: B. Marajo (Amazon)

Nā mea kanu a me nā holoholona

Nui nā mokupuni i hoʻomohala i kā lākou mau holoholona a me nā mea ulu ponoʻī, ʻokoʻa ke ʻano o ia mea i ka nui a i ʻole ka liʻiliʻi mai nā mokupuni kokoke a i ʻole ka ʻāina. Pono e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ma waena o nā mokupuni ʻāina a me nā mokupuni moana. ʻOiai ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mokupuni ʻāina mai kahi ʻāina mai e ka plate tectonic a i ʻole eustatic kaʻina, ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā mokupuni moana i loko pono o ke kīʻaha moana, maʻamau e ka lua pele, ʻaʻole i hoʻopili ʻia i kahi ʻāina.

Ke hōʻike ʻia nei ka honua holoholona a me nā mea kanu o ka supercontinent mua ʻo Pangea i kekahi ʻano i loko o ka flora a me nā holoholona o kekahi a i ʻole kekahi mokupuni ʻāina ʻē aʻe, akā i loko o nā miliona mau makahiki o ka kaʻawale ʻana, nā kaiāulu holoholona a me nā mea kanu hou me ka helu kiʻekiʻe. ua puka mai nā maʻi maʻi . No laila, ʻo nā mokupuni ʻaʻohe hoʻololi genetic me ko lākou heluna kanaka, he mau hale hana kūlohelohe. He ʻokoʻa ka holoholona hihiu o Aotearoa: 85 pakeneka o nā holoholona (ʻaʻole i hoʻolauna ʻia e ke kanaka) hiki ke loaʻa ma ʻaneʻi a ʻaʻohe wahi ʻē aʻe o ka honua. Ua loli ka pae ʻāina mai ka wā o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka wā Cretaceous.

ʻO ka liʻiliʻi, ʻōpio a kaʻawale hoʻi ka mokupuni moana, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā ʻano mea kanu a me nā holoholona. Hiki ke ʻike maopopo ʻia kēia ma nā mokupuni Pākīpika. No Australasian nā mea kanu o ka Pākīpika Hema a laha mai ke komohana a i ka hikina. ʻO kēia ka hopena i ka emi ʻana o ke ʻano olaola o nā mokupuni i ka hikina. He ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻano ʻano o Tahiti ma mua o nā mokupuni ʻo Pitcairn a me ka mokupuni ʻo Easter ma ka hikina.

ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā holoholona ma nā mokupuni ma mua o ko lākou ʻohana pili loa ma nā ʻāina. He mea hoʻololi paha ka liʻiliʻi ʻana o ka mokupuni i ka pōʻai ʻai mau ma muli o ka nui ʻana o ka poʻe i loko o kahi kaiapuni i kaupalena ʻia. No ka laʻana, ma ka mokupuni ʻo Wrangel Island ma ka Moana Arctic, ua ʻike ʻia nā koena o kahi mammoth huluhulu dwarf ma kahi o 1.8 m ke kiʻekiʻe i ka wā i ulu pono ai (ua hiki i nā mammoths ma ka ʻāina nui o Siberia i ka nui o 3.0 a 3.5 m). .

ʻO ka Island gigantism ka hopena o ka loaʻa ʻole o nā mea hoʻokūkū meaʻai a me nā meaʻai i ka wā e nui ai ka lako meaʻai, i hiki ai i kēlā me kēia kanaka ke ulu nui mai kēlā hanauna a i kēia hanauna me ka pilikia ʻole. ʻO ka mokupuni ʻo New Zealand kahi home o nā moa, nā mea nui loa ma ka honua, hiki ke ulu a ʻoi aku ma mua o 10 kapuaʻi ke kiʻekiʻe a hiki i ka luku ʻia ʻana e ka Māori. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona ʻē aʻe o ka gigantism mokupuni ʻo ia ka Komodo dragon, kahi mea kolo scaly i ʻoi aku ma mua o 2 mika ka lōʻihi e noho ana ma ka Lesser Sunda Islands, a me nā honu nunui ma nā Seychelles a me Galapagos Islands.

Inā hoʻouna ʻia nā manu lele ʻole i kahi mamao loa i nā mokupuni mamao ʻole me ka ʻole o nā mea hoʻokūkū meaʻai a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea ʻaihue, nalowale lākou i ko lākou hiki ke lele i loko o kekahi mau hanauna. ʻO kahi laʻana koʻikoʻi o nā manu lele ʻole ma nā mokupuni ʻo ka dodo, i noho ma Mauritius a hiki i ka hapa lua o ke kenekulia 17. Ua ʻoi aku ke kaumaha o ka poʻe makua o ka dodo ma mua o 20 kilokani. ʻO nā ʻiole i hoʻokomo ʻia, nā holoholona hihiu a me ka ʻimi ikaika ʻana i nā manu "clumsy" i hopena i ka pau ʻana o ia ʻano. Akā ʻo nā mokupuni, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka mamao, he mau puʻuhonua koʻikoʻi no nā manu he nui. I mea e hiki ai ke hoʻokō i kā lākou ʻoihana hānai me ka pilikia ʻole, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea lele hoʻomau i waena o lākou e huakaʻi i nā kaukani kilomita.

Ma nā mokupuni mamao hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike pinepine i ke ʻano ʻole. Ma ka Arctic a me ka Pākīpika aia nō nā mokupuni noho ʻole ʻia mai nā ala kaʻa a pau kahi i hele ai ka poʻe wāwae i hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha mau makahiki. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ua haʻalele nā ​​kānaka mai nā mokupuni i noho nui ʻia a haʻi aku iā lākou nā mālama kūlohelohe.

ʻO ka mokupuni ma ke ʻano he wahi noho

Ua hoʻonoho ʻia nā mokupuni i ka wā mua loa o ka mōʻaukala kanaka, ʻo ia paha i ka wā mua e kekahi mau paionia wale nō. He 25 poʻe ka liʻiliʻi loa - mai ke ʻano olaola, pilikanaka a noʻonoʻo - e hoʻonoho mau i kahi mokupuni.:78 Wahi a ka noiʻi o kēia manawa, ʻo Crete paha ka mokupuni mua loa i noho mau ʻia. I ke kauwela mua o 2009, ua loaʻa i nā kānaka kālaihonua ʻAmelika nā mea hana pōhaku, mai Neanderthals paha, i hoʻomaka ma mua o 130,000 mau makahiki (hiki paha i ka 700,000 mau makahiki) ma nā pali komohana o ka Preveli Gorge. Ma ke awāwa ʻo Cagayan ma ka mokupuni ʻo Luzon, 67,000 mau iwi kanaka a me nā mea hana i ʻeli ʻia.makahiki.

Hāʻawi nā mokupuni i kahi pae palekana mai nā hoʻouka ʻana, ʻo ia paha kekahi o nā kumu nui o ka noho ʻana ma nā mokupuni. He paʻakikī a paʻakikī hoʻi ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana i ke kai; ʻoiaʻiʻo, hiki i kekahi ke kamaʻilio e pili ana i kahi "mokupuni pakaua". Ua ʻike pū ʻo Philip II o Sepania i kēia ma 1588 i ka wā i nalowale ai ka Armada Spanish holoʻokoʻa i ka hoʻāʻo e hoʻouka iā ʻEnelani.

Hāʻawi ka palekana i ka hoʻomau i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kahi moʻomeheu a no laila ʻaʻole ia he mea kupanaha i hiki i kekahi mau moʻomeheu holomua ke puka mai ma nā mokupuni. ʻO nā kahua hoʻomana ma ka mokupuni ʻo Malta mai ka Neolithic a hāʻawi i nā hōʻike o kahi moʻomeheu i hoʻohui ʻia, kūlana kiʻekiʻe e like me ka 3rd millennium BC. BC

ʻO kekahi mau mokupuni ka home o nā kānaka koʻikoʻi me nā moʻomeheu holomua paʻakikī. ʻO ka mea mua a me ka mea nui, pono e ʻōlelo ʻia ma ʻaneʻi: Kerete, nā mokupuni ʻo Iapana, nā mokupuni Pelekane, nā mokupuni ʻo Indonesia o Java a me Bali, ka mokupuni ʻo Sri Lanka, akā kekahi o nā mokupuni moana, e like me Easter Island. ʻO ka puka ʻana mai o kahi moʻomeheu holomua ʻaʻole i hilinaʻi ʻia i ka nui o ka mokupuni; ʻO ka Easter Island liʻiliʻi a ʻilihune waiwai hoʻi i hana i kahi moʻomeheu me nā kiʻi akamai a me ka hoʻolālā ʻana, akā ʻo ka poʻe o Greenland a me New Guinea, nā mokupuni nui ʻelua o ka honua, ua mau ka nui ma ka pae kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe.

Ua pili mau nā kānaka mokupuni i ke kai a puni. Ua alakaʻi kēia i ka puka ʻana mai o nā lāhui holo moana waiwai a ikaika hoʻi ma kekahi mau mokupuni, no ka laʻana ka moʻomeheu Minoan ma Crete a i ʻole ke kūlanakauhale-mokuʻāina ʻo Venice i hoʻolaha ʻia ma nā mokupuni o ke kaona. Aia ma ka Pākīpika he ʻoihana kalepa i ola no nā keneturia, e hana ana ma kahi lōʻihi o kekahi mau kaukani kilomika a puni nā mokupuni Polenekia he nui, mai Hawaii a i ka Austral Islands, mai New Zealand a i ka Marquesas.

I kēia mau lā, ʻo nā mokupuni kekahi o nā ʻāina paʻa loa o ka honua a ʻo ia ka home o kekahi o nā kūlanakauhale nui loa: ʻo nā wahi metropolitan a puni Tokyo ma ka mokupuni ʻo Honshu a me Jakarta ma Java ka mea nui loa ma ka honua. ʻO nā wahi metropolitan a puni ʻo New York City a me Mexico City, ʻo ia hoʻi kekahi o nā mea nui loa ma ka honua, ua puka mai ma nā mokupuni liʻiliʻi.

Mokupuni moʻomeheu

Ua hoʻoulu mau ʻia nā mokupuni i nā mea pena kiʻi a ua lilo pinepine i kumuhana o nā hana koʻikoʻi o nā ʻano noʻeau a pau, no ka laʻana ma ka palapala ʻo The Treasure Island na Robert Louis Stevenson, ma ka hale keaka ʻo Shakespeare's The Tempest, ma nā kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi a Paul Gauguin me nā kumu mai Tahiti a i ʻole. ʻO ka Mokupuni o ka poʻe make na Arnold Böcklin, ma ke mele o ke mele ʻo La Cathédrale na Jacques Brel, ka mea i hoʻoulu ʻia e ka silhouette o ka mokupuni ʻo Ua Pou, a ma ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni nā mea he nui, i hoʻonohonoho nui ʻia ma ke Kai Hema, penei ma ke ʻano he kiʻi ʻoniʻoni leo ʻo Taboo na Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau, 1931 i paʻi ʻia ma Bora Bora, a i ʻole Cast Away na Robert Zemeckis me Tom Hanks ma ke kūlana alakaʻi.

Akā, ua loaʻa i ka poʻe mokupuni nā ʻano like ʻole a me ka maʻalahi, kūʻokoʻa o ka ʻike noʻeau: ʻo ka Moai a me ke kālai lāʻau o Easter Island, ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni Kabuki ma Iapana, nā palapala Icelandic, ka hula hula o Hawaii, nā scrimshaws o nā mea koholā ma Nantucket a i ʻole. nā kiʻi puke noʻeau mai ka wā o nā Mōʻī Kiʻekiʻe ʻo Irish, no ka laʻana ʻo "Book of Kells". He nui paha nā hana noʻeau i nalowale i nā kenekulia, a no ka mea, he mau hana ephemeral ia i hana ʻia mai nā mea paʻa ʻole a i ʻole no ka loaʻa ʻole o nā moʻolelo (ʻaʻole ʻike ka poʻe o ka mokupuni i ka palapala). ʻO ka mele a me ka hula o ka mokupuni ʻo Caribs, no ka laʻana, ua nalowale loa no ka mea ʻaʻole i hopohopo nā poʻe Sepania i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana iā lākou. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoiai ʻaʻole i hoʻoili ʻia nā kiʻi ʻōiwi, ua loaʻa i nā Antilles nā hōʻike kiʻi hou ma o ka hui ʻana o nā mea ʻEulopa, ʻApelika a me ʻAmelika. ʻO kahi laʻana o kēia ka reggae 20th century mai ka mokupuni ʻo Jamaica. Ua ʻike wale mākou i ke ʻano o ka peʻa maʻalahi o ka poʻe Marquesas ma o ka noiʻi ʻana a ke kauka a me ke kanaka kālaiʻāina ʻo Karl von den Steinen, ka mea i kipa i ka pae ʻāina i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia 20, i ka wā i hoʻopau mua ai nā mikionali i ka hana peʻa. Pono nā mea pena kiʻi i kēia lā ma Marquesas e hilinaʻi i nā puke a von den Steinen no kā lākou mau kumu.

Ma nā mokupuni, ua loaʻa i nā mea noiʻi ka hoʻoikaika koʻikoʻi no nā kumumanaʻo groundbreaking e hoʻohālike i ko mākou ʻike honua i kēia mau lā. I kona kipa ʻana i nā mokupuni ʻo Galapagos, ua hoʻomohala ʻo Charles Darwin i kāna kumumanaʻo o ka evolution a ma ka pae ʻāina ʻo Malay, ua hoʻokumu ʻo Alfred Russel Wallace i ke kumu no kāna manaʻo o ka Wallace Line, ka palena biogeographical ma waena o nā holoholona ʻAsia a me Australia.

ʻOi aku nā hiʻohiʻona o nā mokupuni

I ka wā mua o Hanseatic, ua lilo ka mokupuni ʻo Gotland i wahi hoʻomaha no ke kālepa Hanseatic Lūkini, kahi i kū ai ka K.poʻe hoʻi i ka hoʻoilo. Eia naʻe, ua nalowale ʻo Gotland i kēia hana i ka wā Hanseatic ma hope aku ma muli o ka piʻi nui ʻana o nā manawa huakaʻi, ʻo ia ka mea i emi ai ka pono o ka hoʻomaha. No ka poʻe mākaʻikaʻi mua ma ka Pākīpika, ʻo kēlā me kēia mokupuni a me nā pūʻulu o nā mokupuni he mau wahi lako meaʻai, ʻoi aku ka wai inu. I ka manawa o ke kālepa transatlantic i hana ʻia me nā moku holo, hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia nā meaʻai hou a i ʻole nā ​​​​waiwai ʻē aʻe ma nā mokupuni ʻo Canary a me Madeira.

Ma muli o ko lākou wahi kaʻawale mai ka ʻāina nui, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mokupuni mamao loa a i ʻole liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi o kahi kiʻekiʻe o kekahi mau kilomita square ka nui mai ka honua waho. Hiki i kēia ke lawelawe i nā hana like ʻole. Hoʻohana ʻia ka mokupuni ʻo Riems ma Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania ma ke ʻano he wahi noiʻi virological. ʻO nā mokupuni ʻelua o ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo Pea Islands ma ka ʻākau o ka mokupuni ʻo Danish ʻo Bornholm i hoʻonohonoho mua ʻia ma ke ʻano he kiaʻi kiaʻi koa (ʻoi loa i Suedena) a ma ke ʻano he kahua moana, akā mai ke kenekulia 18 a hiki i 1855 ua lawelawe pū lākou ma ke ʻano he kahi o ka lawe pio ʻana a me ka hale paʻahao (ma waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe no Jacob Jacobsen Dampe). ʻO kekahi hiʻohiʻona mōʻaukala o kahi mokupuni i hoʻohana mua ʻia no ka hana pūʻali koa a laila ma ke ʻano he hale paʻahao ʻo Alcatraz ma ke kahakai komohana o US kokoke i Kapalakiko, kahi i hoʻoponopono ʻia ai nā paʻahao i manaʻo ʻia he pōʻino loa mai ka makahiki 1930 a hiki i ka makahiki 1960. Ua kipaku mua ʻia ka pūkaua Farani a me ka Emepera ʻo Napoleon Bonaparte i ka mokupuni ʻo Mediterranean ʻo Elba a ma hope aku i ka mokupuni ʻo St. Helena ma ka ʻAkelanika Hema.

Hoʻohana mau ʻia nā mokupuni mamao ma waho o ka ʻāina nui ma ke ʻano he mau keʻena nānā i ka wā i kēia lā. E ʻae ʻia nā hoʻāʻo ʻana o ke kaʻa kaʻa ʻole a i ʻole ka palena ʻana o nā kaʻa kaʻa i nā wahie i hana mau ʻia ma nā mokupuni a ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻokō (laʻana: Hiddensee).

Mokupuni ma ka moolelo

ʻO Arnold Böcklin: Ka Mokupuni o ka Poʻe Make, 1883

Hōʻike pinepine ʻia nā mokupuni ma nā moʻolelo o nā kānaka he mau māla ʻo ʻEdena hiki ʻole ke kiʻi ʻia a i ʻole nā ​​​​paradaiso nalowale e waiho ana ma waho o ka lewa. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o kēia ka Avalon moʻokalaleo mai ka Arthurian legend a i ʻole ka mokupuni ʻo Kythera, ka mokupuni aloha kaulana ʻo Aphrodite, i wehewehe ʻia ma ka Hypnerotomachia Poliphili. Ua ikaika loa ka manaʻoʻiʻo i nā mokupuni moʻokalaleo a ua kākau ʻia kekahi o lākou ma nā palapala ʻāina mua, no ka laʻana ʻo Saint Brendan Island, ka mokupuni ʻo Antilia ma ka Moana ʻAkelanika a i ʻole ke aupuni mokupuni ʻo Atlantis.

ʻO ka moʻolelo o ka "island paradise" i mau i kēia manawa a ua hoʻoikaika hou ʻia e nā huakaʻi o ka ʻike ʻana i nā kenekulia 18 a me 19. ʻO ko Louis Antoine de Bougainville ka moʻolelo huakaʻi huakaʻi "Voyage autour du monde" mai 1771 a me Georg Forster's travelogue "A Voyage Round The World" e pili ana i ko James Cook's Pacific voyage, i paʻiʻia i ka makahiki 1777, me he mea lā ua hōʻoia i ka manaʻo o Jean-Jacques Rousseau i ke kanaka he "ʻano hanohano. savage" i manaʻo ʻia ua loaʻa ka poʻe ʻEulopa ma nā mokupuni o ke Kai Hema. "He Arcadia nona mākou e lilo ai i mō'ī," i kākau ai ka mea ʻike hua lāʻau ʻo Joseph Banks, ka mea i hele pū me James Cook i kāna huakaʻi mua a me ka hoʻokele ʻana (1768–1771), e pili ana i ka mokupuni ʻo Tahiti.

ʻAʻole naʻe i pau ka ʻiʻini o ka mokupuni ʻo paradaiso i kēia mau lā, e like me ka hōʻike ʻana o nā moʻolelo kīwī kaulana, no ka laʻana ma Fantasy Island a me Robinsonades e like me Gilligan's Island.

Akā, ua manaʻo ʻia nā mokupuni he home no nā monsters weliweli. Ua ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo ka labyrinth ma Crete ka home o ka Minotaur, kahi hui o ke kanaka a me ka bipi. ʻO ka mea noiʻi a me ka mea kākau Farani ʻo André Thevet e hōʻike ana i ka "Demon Island", aia ma ka ʻākau loa o ka Atlantika, ma ka ʻākau o Newfoundland, kahi i ʻōlelo ʻia ai nā holoholona a me nā ʻuhane ʻino e hoʻopilikia.

ʻO ka manaʻoʻiʻo i nā mokupuni pohihihi, weliweli a hoʻoweliweli mai ka wā hou. ʻO ka mokupuni ʻo Flannan, kahi hui o ʻewalu mau mokupuni liʻiliʻi i noho ʻole ʻia ma ke komohana ʻākau o Scotland, ua manaʻo mau ʻia he mau wahi hoʻomāinoino i waena o nā lawaiʻa kūloko. Makaʻu ka poʻe i ke komo ʻana i loko, a inā ʻaʻole hiki ke pale ʻia, hana lākou i nā hana hoʻomaha a waiho i nā makana ma kahakai. I ka hopena o ke kenekulia 19, ua kūkulu ʻia kahi hale kukui ma ka mokupuni nui ʻo Eilean Mòr. Ua manaʻo ʻia e mālama ʻia ke kukui hōʻailona a hoʻomau i ka holo ʻana o kahi hui paʻa o ʻekolu mau kānaka. I ka hōʻea ʻana o ka moku hoʻolako Hesperus i ka mokupuni i ka lā 26 o Dekemaba, 1900, ʻaʻohe hōʻailona o ke ola mai nā kiaʻi kukui ʻekolu. Ua nalowale lākou me ka waiho ʻole ʻana i kahi meheu. Ke hoʻomau nei ka hanana pohihihi i ka pohihihi a hiki i kēia lā. Pono e hoʻohana ʻia nā hanana paranormal a me ka ʻaihue ʻana e nā malihini i mea wehewehe.:259

ʻOiai i ka hana moʻomeheu o kēia wā, pili nā mokupuni me nā monsters a me nā monster spili. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o kēia nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni e like me Godzilla, Jurassic Park a i ʻole ka nui o nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni King Kong.

He ʻōmuku kēia mea. Inā hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi, e kōkua mai i ka holomua ʻana i kēia mea.