Masarautar Kano: Jihar Musulmi a arewacin Najeriya

Daga nan sai aka maye gurbin masarautar da Sarkin Musulmi, a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Sarkin Musulmi Babban birnin yanzu shine birnin Kano na zamani a jihar Kano.

Masarautar Kano
geographical feature (en) da Emirate (en)
Bayanai
Ƙasa	Najeriya
Wuri
12°00′N 8°31′E / 12°N 8.52°E / 12; 8.52

Kano tana arewacin yankin Jos Plateau, da ke yankin Savanna na Sudan da ke kudancin yankin Sahel. Garin yana kusa da inda kogunan Kano da Challawa da ke kwararowa daga kudu maso yamma suka haɗu suka kafa kogin Hadejia, wanda daga karshe ya ratsa tafkin Chadi zuwa gabas. Yanayin yana zafi duk shekara. Ruwan sama yana canzawa, daga 350mm zuwa 1,300mm kowace shekara tare da ma'ana a kusa da 950mm, kusan duk yana faɗuwa a lokacin Yuni-Satumba. A al'adance noma ya dogara ne akan ɗaga ruwa don ban ruwa da ƙananan fakitin filaye tare da magudanar ruwa a lokacin rani, wanda aka sani da tsarin Shadouf. A lokacin da mulkin ke bunƙasa, da rufin bishiya ya yi yawa kuma ƙasar ba ta ƙasƙanta fiye da yadda take a yau.

Sanin mu na tarihin farko na Kano ya fito ne daga littafin tarihin Kano, tarin al'adun baka da wasu tsofaffin takardu da aka yi a ƙarni na sha tara, da kuma binciken binciken kayan tarihi da aka gudanar kwanan nan.

A ƙarni na 7, tsaunin Dala, wani tudu a Kano, ya kasance wurin da al'ummar da ke yin aikin karfe. Ba a sani ba ko waɗannan Hausawa ne ko kuma masu magana da harsunan Nijar–Congo . Wasu majiyoyi sun ce mafarauta ne da aka fi sani da Abagayawa da suka yi hijira daga Gaya . Balarabe masanin al-Yaqubi, ya rubuta a shekara ta 872/873 CE (AH 259), ya bayyana wata masarauta da ake kira "HBShH" mai wani gari mai suna "ThBYR" wanda wani sarki mai suna "MRH" ya yi mulki (babu daya daga cikin waɗannan kalmomi da aka fadi, don haka nasu. ainihin lafazi na iya bambanta), wanda ke tsakanin Niger Bend da Masarautar Kanem. Idan an kira sunan masarauta da sunan “Habasha” zai yi daidai da sauran rubutun larabci wadanda su ma ake magana da harshen Hausa, kuma za su kasance farkon maganar yankin Hausa.

Asalinsu Kano ana kiranta Dala, bayan tudu, kuma ana kiranta da ita a ƙarshen karni na 15 da farkon 16 daga majiyoyin Borno . Littafin tarihin Kano ya bayyana Barbushe, limamin ruhin Dalla, a matsayin mazaunin farko na birnin. ( Elizabeth Isichei ta lura cewa bayanin Barbushe yayi kama da na mutanen Sao . ) Kamar yadda tarihin Kano ya nuna, Bagauda jikan jarumi Bayajidda ne, ya zama sarkin Hausawa na farko a Kano a shekara ta 999, ya yi sarauta har zuwa 1063. Jikansa Gijimasu (1095–1134), sarki na uku, ya fara gina katangar birni a gindin tsaunin Dalla, kuma ɗan Gijimasu, Tsaraki (1136–1194), sarki na biyar, ya kammala su a zamanin mulkinsa. Iyalan Bagauda sun ci gaba da faɗaɗa masarautar ta hanyar mamaye yankunan da ke kusa. Sun kafa masarautu masu yawa, masu laƙabi da suka fara da "Dan", wanda mafi mahimmancin su shine "Ɗan Iya".

Ali Yaji (1349-1385) shi ne ya jagoranci shigar da addinan Ibrahim a Kano, ya kawo tsarkaka daga Wangara, mai yiwuwa Mali . Ya kara kaimi Kano tare da kaddamar da balaguro zuwa yankin Kwarafa wanda bai yi nasara ba. Ya zama Sarkin Kano na Ƙarshe a shekarun 1350, bayan ya ci Rano da Santolo ya mai da Musulunci addinin ƙasa sannan ya shelanta kawo karshen Masarautar, Kano daga nan ta zama Sarkin Musulmi sannan shugabanninta suka ɗauki sarautar Sarkin Musulmi .