Welcome to the Gothic Wikipedia! This guide will help you get started with contributing here.
It is recommended that you thoroughly read this guide before contributing to this wiki as you might get lost without it.
This guide also contains information on where to apply for adminship, how to add categories, good resources etc.
Articles on the Gothic Wikipedia must be written in the Gothic script. They also have to have a title in the Gothic script. For instructions on how to do this, see the next paragraph. Articles which are written in Roman script, or have a title in Roman script, should be deleted. The use of Roman script or any other script is only allowed when it's necessary, for example when showing a phrase in Latin, or showing a translation in Latin of a word, but a title is never allowed to be in any other script than Gothic because this is the Gothic Wiki π²πΏππΉππΊ.
See also is translated as "Sai jah" in Gothic. Add:
==ππ°πΉ πΎπ°π·== with the articles which are related to the article which you wrote.
T Under the content of the article, either add [[Category: ]] or [[π·π°π½ππ°: ]]
List of categories (make sure that you add them in the Gothic script):
English | Gothic |
---|---|
Alphabet | π±ππΊπ°ππ΄π π° |
Belief | π²π°π»π°πΏπ±π΄πΉπ½π |
Birds | ππΏπ²π»π |
Jews | πΉπΏπ³π°πΉπ΄πΉπ |
Kingdom | πΈπΉπΏπ³π°π½π²π°ππ³πΉ |
There are a few suggested methods as to how to do this outlined below.
Download or set a Gothic keyboard and write with it.
Windows
To set the Gothic keyboard for Windows, see Microsoft - Default Input Locale
Or download MultiKey, which also works for older versions of Windows.
Mac
To download a Gothic keyboard for Mac, go to Weihos bokos - Gothic keyboard layout for Mac
Not everyone has access to this, especially on Android devices; therefore Method 2 might be more suitable.
Linux (X.Org)
To set the Gothic Keyboard layout on Linux, you just need to follow the instructions on Gothic Keyboard Layout for Linux.
Go to Lingjam Gothic Language and type your Gothic text in Latin letters (v = π, y = πΈ), after that copy the converted text to the Gothic script.
Go to Gothic keyboard
You can also find a virtual online Gothic keyboard at: Virtualboard
When you're finished, copy your text and paste it to the article. It is necessary to be able to display Gothic unicode to use this.
Go to this website.
It has a converter which enables you to convert Roman to Gothic or Gothic to Roman script. There is one downside, which is that breaks aren't correctly processed and displayed as
.
If you only see blocks or do not like the standard font in use, you can use the Skeirs font, which was designed for the Gothic Wikipedia by Robert Pfeffer. For instructions on how to use it, see our special page How to enable the Gothic font. You will need a registered account.
If you want the Skeirs font to be always be used, you will need to select it in your account; if you do not want it to be used as the default font, de-select it.
You can also download the Gothic font add-on. gothic font converter
Gothic has differing writing conventions, but it is easy to get the hang of them. Place names need to be written with these conventions; Jerusalem is, for example, Iairusalems in Biblical Gothic. Here are the basic rules for converting sounds; sounds that are not mentioned below are written in the same way:
English letters | Pronunciation in English | Gothic equivalent | Example |
---|---|---|---|
oo | as in look, /u/ | u | Iairusalems (jerusalem) |
o | o as in or (short), /Ι/ | au | Appaullo (Appollo) |
yo | yo as in York, /jΙ/ | iau | Iauhannes (John) |
ay | ay as in say, /eΛ/ | e | Eleiaizair (Eliezer) |
e | e as in west, /Ι/ | ai | Bairauja (Beroja) |
ee | ee as in see, /iΛ/ | ei | Galeilaia (Galilea) |
o | o as in so, /oΛ/ | o | Farao (Farao) |
u | u as in Utah, /juΛ/ | iu | Iudas (Judas) |
ow | o as in how, /a/ | aw | Pawlus (Paul) |
Of course there are also vowels which don't occur in English, but do occur in other languages. Some of the most prevalent foreign vowels are:
For a more extensive list, go to: writing foreign words and names.
Now let's apply these rules to some place names.
Use the place name in the original language and only reconstruct it if it is not attested in Gothic. Remember that v in many modern country and place names was usually changed to b in Gothic. Always try to use the 4th-century form of the most distant classic etymology of a place if possible; so for Belgium use the Latin Belgia, which might have been comprehensible to the Goths.
It is appreciated that people want to contribute with articles. If you do not know much Gothic, this might be a good way to start.
A is a (A stays untranslated in Gothic) city in B is translated as:
A ist baurgs in B
Gothic in takes the dative case here because it is being used to mark where something is. Country names with -ia have their dative forms ending in -iai; for example, in Bailgiai or in Makaidonjai. Country names that end with -land have the dative -landa: Krekalanda (Greece), for example; country names with -a have the dative -ai, like in Panamai.
So, if you wanted to write "Chicago is a city in the United States", that would be:
Sjeikago ist baurgs in Amairikai.
Or if you wanted to write "Lyon is a city in France", that would be:
Leiaun ist baurgs in Fragkalanda.
If you want to write capital city, baurgs becomes haubidabaurgs. Instead of in you use the genitive. For countries ending with -a or -ia you replace a with os. You replace -reiki with -reikjis and -land with -landis.
Now if you have a province or region, you replace baurgs with gawi.
Here is a list with countries, their Gothic form and the dative form in Gothic.
English | Gothic | Dative Gothic |
---|---|---|
England | π°π²π²πΉπ»π°π»π°π½π³ | π°π²π²πΉπ»π°π»π°π½π³π° |
Greece | πΊππ΄πΊπ°π»π°π½π³ | πΊππ΄πΊπ°π»π°π½π³π° |
Israel | πΉπππ°π΄π» | πΉπππ°π΄π»π° |
Japan | πΎπ°ππ°π½ | πΎπ°ππ°π½ |
Here is a list with attested cities and provinces in Gothic, categorized in countries. If it's in red, it means that there doesn't exist an article for it yet and that you could create one if you want. If a city or province contains 'ancient', is should be replaced with was.
Croatia (Gothic = kroatia):
Greece:
Phrygia (Gothic = Frigia)
Macedonia (Gothic = Makaidonja)
Here are reconstructed city names for which no article exists yet:
Albania:
Czech republic, (Gothic: Tseiaisko):
If you don't really know Gothic well yet, but would like to start writing some articles already, here is some help.
What you will often need is to use he/she/it is or they are.
The past tense is:
As you can see I left out the personal pronouns, these are usually left away in Gothic.
What if we would want to write what a person is? Here is a list of some professions and functions of people in Gothic, (I use asteriks here, but in Wikipedia articles you shouldn't use them):
So if we would want to write: Oscar Wilde was a writer, you first have to know how to transcribe Oscar, you learned above that a short o is written as 'au', so you have to use the o, and c is pronounced as k and doesn't even occur in the Gothic alphabet, so this becomes k, thus auskar. For Wilde you can choose to etymologically translate it, wilΓΎeis, or transcribe it: waeild, as the i is pronounced as a-ee, you write a + ei = aei.
Now if you write Oscar Wilde was a writer that becomes:
Gothic has its own word for 'to border', 'gamarkon', to translate 'it borders', you use: gamarkoΓΎ. So 'It borders Italia' would become:
When writing articles about people, you might want to use some of these phrases:
Gothic uses its own system for numbers. Gothic uses the symbol β’ before and after the number and uses letters to transcribe numbers. So 1 for example is 'a' and written in Gothic 1 would be β’aβ’. Here is a list with Gothic transcriptions of numbers:
Gothic | English |
---|---|
β’π°β’ | 1 |
β’π±β’ | 2 |
β’π²β’ | 3 |
β’π³β’ | 4 |
β’π΄β’ | 5 |
β’π΅β’ | 6 |
β’πΆβ’ | 7 |
β’π·β’ | 8 |
β’πΈβ’ | 9 |
β’πΉβ’ | 10 |
β’πΊβ’ | 20 |
β’π»β’ | 30 |
β’πΌβ’ | 40 |
β’π½β’ | 50 |
β’πΎβ’ | 60 |
β’πΏβ’ | 70 |
β’πβ’ | 80 |
β’πβ’ | 90 |
β’πβ’ | 100 |
β’πβ’ | 200 |
β’πβ’ | 300 |
β’π β’ | 400 |
β’πβ’ | 500 |
β’πβ’ | 600 |
β’πβ’ | 700 |
β’πβ’ | 800 |
β’πβ’ | 900 |
In Gothic, numbers like 14 are formed by the decimal + the number under 10, so 14 = 10 + 4, which are the letter values i + d = β’idβ’ For numbers above hundred you first use the number of hundred, then the decimal and then the number under 10. So 539 for example is 500 + 30 + 9, these are the letter values f + l + h = β’flhβ’. In Gothic numbers above the 1000 aren't attested. The best solution is to use the ancient Greek counting system which Wulfila used for this Gothic counting system too. By adding the symbol ΚΉ after a number, the first number under 10 becomes multiplied by 1000, so 2011 for example would become: 2 + 10 + 1 = b + i + a + ΚΉ = β’biaΚΉβ’.
If a name is of Germanic origin or an attested word of Latin, Greek or Hebrew origin, it is recommended to use these first names in an article which you write. Here you can find a list of popular names in Gothic:
English | Gothic | |
---|---|---|
HroΓΎibairhts | ||
Stan | Stains |
When writing an article in Gothic, a good dictionary is necessary. You could use this one, which is especially designed for this purpose:
Or you could use the KΓΆbler dictionary; it contains many reconstructions, but is one of the best free online dictionaries for translation purposes.
If you don't know Gothic yet, it's necessary to study Gothic basic grammar first before you contribute here.
A special course is written on this Wikipedia to teach you to translate and learn the basics rapidly: Starters course.
You could start with studying the Gothic declensions and Gothic verbs.
A very good course consisting of 10 lessons to get you started is the Gothic course from the University of Texas.
A course aimed at the modern use of Gothic can be found here.
There is also a Memrise course to learn Gothic: The Gothic Language.
You might have trouble with genders and stems for neologisms, there are however rules for new words, as Wulfila included new words too. In this we differ between place names, names and otyer nouns.
The rules are:
It differs based on what it's reconstructed of. If it's from Proto-Germanic, it's recommended to keep the same gender.
If it's from a language like English or Spanish use the following rules:
When the country has the ending -ia in Latin, people generally have m. (U/I) stems (u-declension in singular, i-declension in plural).
Compare:
The frontpage article rotates, this means that your article might be shown in some weeks once on the frontpage.
Here are the things which a frontpage article must have:
Once you think your article is good enough, add it here:
Page gallery.
If there's enough agreement or if an admin accepts it, it can be added.
If you want to become an admin because you want to help this Wikipedia by removing bad articles, cleaning it up, maintaining it, and countering spam or because you have some other good motivation, you can apply for adminship here:
Admin candidatures
After that, you have to add your application here (referring to the previous link when you apply):
Please, keep in mind, if you are new to this community, you will need a very good reason to be accepted and will not be granted permission if there is not enough community support.
If you are an Admin, please consult the Admin guide to be informed about your tasks and what you can do.
For modern non-fictive names it's recommended to transcribe them (π΄.π². Deb Grol instead of Daweid Grol, as this is done in Hebrew and Greek too).
For names in fiction and ancient history (like Alaric, Wulfila etc.) it's recommended to reconstruct them.
If
If a name is of Germanic origin or an attested word of Latin, Greek or Hebrew origin, it is recommended to use these first names in an article which you write. Here you can find a list of popular names in Gothic:
English | Gothic | Notes |
---|---|---|
Abraham | Abraham | attested; gen. -is |
Adam | Adam | attested; gen. -is |
Alexander | Alaiksandrus | attested; u-stem |
Alfred | AlbireΓΎs, AlbareΓΎs | From PGmc *albaz/*albiz (occurs as both i- and a-stems in other Germanic languages) and attested root red-. |
Alice, Alicia, Alison, Adelaide | AΓΎalahaidus, AΓΎalahaids | from PGmc *aΓΎalaz + *haiduz based on OHG Adalheidis; David Alexander Carlton renders this as AΓΎalhaids, with no stem-vowel and treated as an i-stem for his translation of Alice in Wonderland, but it would be AΓΎalahaidus if lacking OHG influence |
Andrew | Andraias | attested; nom. -as, otherwise declines as masc. n. stem |
Anna | Anna | attested |
Baldwin | BalΓΎawins | from attested roots balΓΎ- and PGmc *winiz. |
Bartholemew | BarΓΎaulaumaius | attested; u-stem |
Charles | Karls, Karla | from PGmc *karlaz; monothematic names tend to be declined weak. |
Damian | Damjanus | attested; gen. -aus |
David | Daweid | attested; gen. -is |
Derek, Dirk, Terry, Dietrich | Γiudareiks | from attested ΓΎiuda and reiks |
Dorothy, Dorothea | DauriΓΎaia | based on attested DauriΓΎaius |
Edgar | Audagais | from attested root auda- and PGmc *gaisaz/*gaizaz. |
Edmund | Audamunds | from attested root auda- and PGmc *mundΕ masculinized to *munds. |
Edward | Audawards | from attested roots auda- and ward-. |
Egbert | Agjabairhts | from PGmc *agjΕ and attested bairhts. |
Elizabeth | AileisabaiΓΎ | attested; acc. AileisabaiΓΎ |
Erik, Eric | Ainareiks, Haimareiks, Aizareiks, Airareiks | the origin of the first element is not well understood, but likely related to one of these variants; the name Eraricus occurs in Latin sources |
Eve | Aiwwa | attested; acc. Aiwwan |
Frederick | FriΓΎareiks, FriΓΎureiks | attested in gen. as FriΓΎareikeikeis, likely scribal error for FriΓΎareikeis. FriΓΎu- is properly a u-stem. |
Gabriel | Gabriel | attested |
Harold | Harjawalds | from attested harjis and PGmc *waldaz, attested as in verb waldan. |
Herbert | Harjabairhts | from attested harjis and bairhts |
Isaac | Isak | attested; gen. -is |
Jacob | Iakob, Iakobus | attested, occurs as both a. stem (sans nom. -s) and u-stem |
Joanna | Iohanna | attested; declines like masc. n. stem. |
John | Iohannes | attested; declines rather inconsistently |
Josef | Iosef | attested; gen. -fis, dat. -fa & -ba. |
Levi | Laiwweis | attested; heavy ja-stem |
Luke | Lukas | attested; nom. as, otherwise treated as weak masc. n. stem. |
Marc, Mark | Markus | attested; u-stem |
Marcel | Markaillus | attested; u-stem |
Margaret | Marikreitus | attested as dat. marikreitum for 'pearl' |
Martha | MarΓΎa | attested; declines like masc. n. stem. |
Mary, Maria | Marja, Maria | attested; declines rather variously |
Matilda | Mahtihilds, Mahtihildi | from attested mahts and PGmc hildiz; the name Diindihildi suggests a possible jo-stem |
Matthew | MaΓΎΓΎaius, MatΓΎaius | attested; u-stem |
Nathan | NaΓΎan | attested; gen. -is |
Oswald | Ansuwalds, Ansiwalds | from PGmc *ansuz (may have become i-stem in East Germanic) and attested verb waldan |
Paul | Pawlus | attested; u-stem |
Peter | Paitrus | attested; u-stem |
Phillip | Filippus | attested; u-stem |
Rebecca | Raibaikka | attested |
Richard | Reikihardus | from attested reiks and hardus; reiks is a consonant stem but seem to favour compounding with -i- |
Robert | HroΓΎibairhts | from PGmc *hroΓΎiz, attested bairhts |
Roger | HroΓΎigais | from PGmc *hroΓΎiz +*gaisaz |
Rufus | Rufus | attested; u-stem |
Sarah, Sara | Sarra | attested; decline like masc. n. stem. |
Seth | SeΓΎ | attested only in gen. as Sedis |
Sigmund | Sigismunds, Sigimunds | from attested sigis, compounding without stem-vowel (sigislaun) and also attested in name Sigisvultus ( Gothic SigiswulΓΎus); later names seem to favor Sigi- which may be due to West German or influence of an otherwise unattested variant of sigis. |
Simon | Seimon | attested; declines rather haphazardly |
Stan | Stains, Staina | from attested stains; monothematic names tend to be n-stems. |
Stephen | Staifanus | attested; u-stem |
Susan | Susanna | attested |
Timothy | TeimauΓΎaius | attested; u-stem |
Thaddeus | Γaddaius | attested; u-stem |
Thomas | Γomas | attested; nom. -as, otherwise declines as masc. n. stem. |
Walter | Waldaharjis | from PGmc *waldaz (attested as verb waldan) and attested harjis |
William | Wiljahilms | from attested wilja and hilms |
You might have trouble with genders and stems for neologisms, there are however rules for new words, as Wulfila included new words too. In this we differ between place names, names and otyer nouns.
The rules are:
It differs based on what it's reconstructed of. If it's from Proto-Germanic, it's recommended to keep the same gender.
If it's from a language like English or Spanish use the following rules:
When the country has the ending -ia in Latin, people generally have m. (U/I) stems (u-declension in singular, i-declension in plural).
Compare:
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