Cite News

This شیوه یادکرد ۱ template is used to create citations for news articles in print, video, audio or web.

Cite News توضیحات الگو
شیوه یادکرد ۱ templates
{{Cite arXiv}}آرکایو (بایگانی نوشتارهای علمی) preprint
{{Cite AV media}}audio and visual
{{Cite AV media notes}}audio and visual liner notes
{{Cite book}}books
{{Cite conference}}conference papers
{{Cite DVD notes}}DVD liner notes
{{Cite encyclopedia}}edited collections
{{Cite episode}}radio or television episodes
{{Cite interview}}interviews
{{Cite journal}}magazines, journals, academic papers
{{Cite mailing list}}public mailing lists
{{Cite map}}maps
{{Cite news}}news articles
{{Cite newsgroup}}online newsgroups
{{Cite podcast}}audio or video podcast
{{Cite press release}}press releases
{{Cite serial}}audio or video serials
{{Cite sign}}signs, plaques
{{Cite speech}}speeches
{{Cite techreport}}technical reports
{{Cite thesis}}theses
{{Cite web}}web sources

Usage

Copy a blank version to use. All parameter names must be in lowercase. Use the "|" (pipe) character between each parameter. Delete unused parameters to avoid clutter in the edit window. Some samples may include the current date. If the date is not current, then purge the page.

Most commonly used parameters in horizontal format
    To cite a news article with a credited author

{{cite news |last= |first= |date= |title= |url= |newspaper= |location= |publisher= |accessdate= }}

    To cite a news article with no credited author

{{cite news |author= |title= |url= |newspaper= |location= |publisher= |date= |accessdate= }}

    To cite an online news article that has been archived

{{cite news |last= |first= |date= |title= |url= |deadurl= |newspaper= |location= |publisher= |archiveurl= |archivedate= |accessdate= }}

    To cite a news article written in a foreign language

{{cite news |last= |first= |date= |title= |trans-title= |url= |language= |newspaper= |location= |publisher= |accessdate= }}

    To cite and quote an archived, two-author, foreign language news article re-published as a PDF on an information aggregation service requiring a subscription

{{cite news |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |date= |title= |trans-title= |url= |deadurl= |format= |language= |newspaper= |location= |publisher= |archiveurl= |archivedate= |accessdate= |via= |subscription= |quote= }}


Full parameter set in horizontal format
    {{cite news |last1= |first1= |author-link1= |last2= |first2= |author-link2= |last3= |first3= |author-link3= |last4= |first4= |author-link4= |last5= |first5= |author-link5= |display-authors= |author-mask= |author-name-separator= |author-separator= |lastauthoramp= |date= |year= |title= |trans-title= |url= |deadurl= |format= |editor1-last= |editor1-first= |editor1-link= |editor2-last= |editor2-first= |editor2-link= |editor3-last= |editor3-first= |editor3-link= |editor4-last= |editor4-first= |editor4-link= |editor5-last= |editor5-first= |editor5-link= |display-editors= |department= |newspaper= |type= |series= |language= |volume= |issue= |others= |edition= |location= |publisher= |publication-date= |agency= |page= |pages= |at= |nopp= |arxiv= |asin= |bibcode= |doi= |doi_brokendate= |isbn= |issn= |jfm= |jstor= |lccn= |mr= |oclc= |ol= |osti= |pmc= |pmid= |rfc= |ssrn= |zbl= |id= |archiveurl= |archivedate= |accessdate= |via= |registration= |subscription= |layurl= |laysource= |laydate= |quote= |separator= |postscript= |ref= }}


Most commonly used parameters in vertical format
    To cite a news article with a credited author
{{cite news | last         =  | first        =  | date         =  | title        =  | url          =  | newspaper    =  | location     =  | publisher    =  | accessdate   =  }} 
    To cite a news article with no credited author
{{cite news | author       = | title        =  | url          =  | newspaper    =  | location     =  | publisher    =  | date         =  | accessdate   = }} 
    To cite an online news article that has been archived
{{cite news | last         =  | first        =  | date         =  | title        =  | url          =  | deadurl      =  | newspaper    =  | location     =  | publisher    =  | archiveurl   =  | archivedate  =  | accessdate   =  }} 
    To cite a news article written in a foreign language
{{cite news | last         =  | first        =  | date         =  | title        =  | trans-title  =  | url          =  | language     =  | newspaper    =  | location     =  | publisher    =  | accessdate   =  }} 
    To cite and quote an archived, two-author, foreign language news article re-published as a PDF on an information aggregation service requiring a subscription
{{cite news | last1        =  | first1       =  | last2        =  | first2       =  | date         =  | title        =  | trans-title  =  | url          =  | deadurl      =  | format       =  | language     =  | newspaper    =  | location     =  | publisher    =  | archiveurl   =  | archivedate  =  | accessdate   =  | via          =  | subscription =  | quote        =  }} 


Full parameter set in vertical format
Vertical list Prerequisites Brief instructions / notes
{{cite news | last1                 =  | first1                =  | author-link1          =  | last2                 =  | first2                =  | author-link2          =  | last3                 =  | first3                =  | author-link3          =  | last4                 =  | first4                =  | author-link4          =  | last5                 =  | first5                =  | author-link5          =  | display-authors        =  | author-mask           =  | author-name-separator =  | author-separator      =  | lastauthoramp         =  | date                  =  | year                  =  | title                 =  | trans-title           =  | url                   =  | deadurl               =  | format                =  | editor1-last          =  | editor1-first         =  | editor1-link          =  | editor2-last          =  | editor2-first         =  | editor2-link          =  | editor3-last          =  | editor3-first         =  | editor3-link          =  | editor4-last          =  | editor4-first         =  | editor4-link          =  | editor5-last          =  | editor5-first         =  | editor5-link          =  | displayeditors        =  | department            =  | newspaper             =  | type                  =  | series                =  | language              =  | volume                =  | issue                 =  | others                =  | edition               =  | location              =  | publisher             =  | publication-date      =  | agency                =  | page                  =  | pages                 =  | at                    =  | nopp                  = | arxiv                 =  | asin                  =  | bibcode               =  | doi                   =  | doi_brokendate        =  | isbn                  =  | issn                  =  | jfm                   =  | jstor                 =  | lccn                  =  | mr                    =  | oclc                  =  | ol                    =  | osti                  =  | pmc                   =  | pmid                  =  | rfc                   =  | ssrn                  =  | zbl                   =  | id                    =  | archiveurl            =  | archivedate           =  | accessdate            =  | via                   =  | registration          =  | subscription          =  | layurl                =  | laysource             =  | laydate               =  | quote                 =  | separator             =  | postscript            =  | ref                   =  }} 
                                                                                                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                                                                                              
  • If a field name is listed in the Prerequisites column it is a prerequisite for the field to the left.

Examples

    A news article with a credited author

{{cite news |last=Wolford |first=Ben |date=2013-10-17 |title=Citrus Canker Lawsuit Headed Back to Trial |url=http://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/palm-beach/fl-citrus-canker-ruling-20131016,0,7602285.story |newspaper=Sun Sentinel |location=Fort Lauderdale, Florida |publisher=South Florida Sun-Sentinel |accessdate=2013-10-17}}

    Displays as:
  • Wolford, Ben (2013-10-17). "Citrus Canker Lawsuit Headed Back to Trial". Sun Sentinel. Fort Lauderdale, Florida: South Florida Sun-Sentinel. Retrieved 2013-10-17.


    A news article released by a news agency and having no credited author

{{cite news |author= |title=Bellingham Police Arrest WWU Student in Melee |url=http://blogs.seattletimes.com/today/2013/10/bellingham-police-arrest-wwu-student-in-melee/ |newspaper=The Seattle Times |location=Seattle, Washington |publisher=The Seattle Times Company |agency=Associated Press |date=2013-10-17 |accessdate=2013-10-17}}

    Displays as:


    A news article that has been archived

{{cite news |last=Pank |first=Philip |date=2013-10-18 |title=Families Accuse Network Rail of Cover-Up |url=http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/business/industries/transport/article3897709.ece |deadurl=no |newspaper=The Times |location=London |publisher=Times Newspapers |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6KS5scqfE |archivedate=2013-10-18 |accessdate=2013-10-18}}

    Displays as:


    A news article written in a foreign language

{{cite news |last=Bourmaud |first=François-Xavier |date=2013-10-17 |title=Hollande dans le Bourbier de L'affaire Leonarda |trans-title=Holland in the Quagmire of the Leonarda Case |url=http://www.lefigaro.fr/politique/2013/10/17/01002-20131017ARTFIG00575-hollande-dans-le-bourbier-de-l-affaire-leonarda.php |language=French |newspaper=Le Figaro |location=Paris |publisher=Société du Figaro |accessdate=2013-10-17}}

    Displays as:


    A two author news article that you quote and archive, is written in a foreign language and has been re-published as a PDF on an information aggregation service requiring a subscription

{{cite news |last1=Sueiro |first1=Marcos |last2=Guzman |first2=Lucia |date=2012-05-12 |title=El Crimen de Lucia Barranta Será Juzgado por un Jurado Popular |trans-title=Lucia Barranta's Crime Will Be Judged by a Jury |url=http://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2013/10/17/espana/6845003888.html |deadurl=yes |format=PDF |language=Spanish |newspaper=El Mundo |location=Madrid, Spain |publisher=Unidad Editorial Información General |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6KS7JR04T |archivedate=2012-06-22 |accessdate=2012-06-22 |via=Highbeam Research |subscription=yes |quote=Los comparecientes lo harán en calidad de imputados por un delito de homicidio.}}

    Displays as:
  • Sueiro, Marcos; Guzman, Lucia (2012-05-12). "El Crimen de Lucia Barranta Será Juzgado por un Jurado Popular" [Lucia Barranta's Crime Will Be Judged by a Jury]. El Mundo (به اسپانیایی). Madrid, Spain: Unidad Editorial Información General. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-06-22. Retrieved 2012-06-22 – via Highbeam Research. Los comparecientes lo harán en calidad de imputados por un delito de homicidio.

Parameters

Syntax

Nested parameters rely on their parent parameters:

  • parent
  • OR: parent2—may be used instead of parent
    • child—may be used with parent (and is ignored if parent is not used)
    • OR: child2—may be used instead of child (and is ignored if parent2 is not used)
    Where aliases are listed, only one of the parameters may be defined; if multiple aliased parameters are defined, then only one will show.

By default, sets of fields are terminated with a period (.). This can be an issue when the last field uses an abbreviation or initial that ends with a period, as then two periods will display (..). The only solution is to not include the last period in the value for the set of fields.

COinS

This template embeds COinS metadata in the HTML output, allowing نرم‌افزار مدیریت مرجع to retrieve bibliographic metadata. See: Wikipedia:COinS. As a general rule, only one data item per parameter. Do not include explanatory or alternate text:

  • Use |date=27 September 2007 not |date=27 September 2007 (print version 25 September)

Use of templates within the citation template, is generally discouraged as many of these templates will add a lot of extraneous HTML or CSS that will be rendered in the metadata.

COinS metadata is created for these parameters:

  • |periodical=, |journal=, |newspaper=, |magazine=, |work=, |website=, |encyclopedia=, |encyclopaedia=, |dictionary=
  • |chapter=, |contribution=, |entry=, |article=, |section=
  • |title=
  • |publicationplace=, |publication-place=
  • |date=, |year=, |publicationdate=, |publication-date=
  • |series=
  • |volume=
  • |issue=, |number=
  • |page=, |pages=, |at=
  • |edition=
  • |publisher=, |distributor=, |institution=
  • |url=
  • |chapterurl=, |chapter-url=, |contributionurl=, |contribution-url=, |sectionurl=
  • |author#=, |Author#=, |authors#=, |author#-last=, |author-last#=, |last#=, |surname#=
  • any of the identifiers (|isbn=, |issn=, |doi=, |pmc=, etc)

Deprecated

The following parameters are deprecated and will no longer work. Their use will place the page into Category:Pages containing cite templates with deprecated parameters:

  • access-date · accessday · accessdaymonth · accessed · accessmonth · accessmonthday · accessyear: Use accessdate to include the full date of access.
  • day: Use date to include the day, month and year.
  • dateformat · doilabel: These parameters are no longer supported.

Description

Authors

  • last: Surname of author. Do not wikilink—use authorlink instead. Where the surname is usually written first—as in Chinese—or for corporate authors, simply use last to include the same format as the source. Aliases: last1, author, authors, author1.
    • first: Given or first names of author, including title(s); for example: Firstname Middlename or Firstname M. or Dr. Firstname M., Sr. Do not wikilink—use authorlink instead. Aliases: first1.
    • OR: for multiple authors, use last1, first1 through lastn, firstn where n is any consecutive number for an unlimited number of authors. By default, if nine authors are defined, then only eight will show and "et al." will show in place of the last author. See the display parameters to change. Aliases: author1 through authorn.
    • authorlink: Title of existing Wikipedia article about the author—not the author's website; do not wikilink. Aliases: authorlink1, author-link, author1-link, author1link.
    • OR: for multiple authors, use authorlink1 through authorlinkn. Aliases: author1-link through authorn-link.
  • coauthors: (deprecated) Names of coauthors. Requires author, authors, or lastn Include coauthors in authors or use separate authorn or lastn/firstn to list coauthors.
    When using Shortened footnotes or parenthetical referencing styles with templates, do not use multiple names in one field or else the anchor will not match the inline link.

Title

  • title: Title of source. Can be wikilinked to an existing Wikipedia article or url may be used to add an external link, but not both. If work is defined, then title is displayed in quotes, else displays in italics.
    • trans_title: English translation of the title if the source cited is in a foreign language. Displays in square brackets after title; if url is defined, then trans_title is included in the link. Use of the language parameter is recommended.
    Titles containing certain characters will display and link incorrectly unless those characters are encoded.
newline [ ] |
space [ ] |


  • language: The language the source is written in, if not English. Displays in parentheses with "in" before the language name. Use the full language name or فهرست کدهای ایزو ۶۳۹-۱ code; use of ISO 639-1 also adds appropriate language categorization; do not use icons or templates.

Periodical

  • work: Name of the source periodical; may be wikilinked if relevant. Displays in italics. Aliases: journal, newspaper, magazine, periodical.
    • issue: When the publication is one of a series that is published periodically.
    • department: Regular department within the periodical. Displays after title and is in plain text.
    When set, work changes the formatting of other parameters:
      title is not italicized and is enclosed in quotes.
      chapter is italicized and is not enclosed in quotes.
      location and publisher are enclosed in parentheses.
      page and pages do not show p. or pp.
      edition does not display.
      type does not display.

Date

  • date: Date of source being referenced. Can be full date (day, month, and year) or partial date (month and year, season and year, year). Use same format as other publication dates in the citations. Required when year is used to disambiguate {{sfn}} links to multiple-work citations by the same author in the same year.[more]. Do not wikilink. Displays after the authors and is enclosed in parentheses. If there is no author, then displays after publisher.
  • OR:
    • year: Year of source being referenced. Required with some types of {{sfn}} citations;[more] otherwise use date.
    • month: (deprecated) Name of the month or season of publication. Use date instead.
    • origyear: Original publication year; displays after the date or year. For clarity, please supply specifics. For example: |origyear=First published 1859 or |origyear=Composed 1904.

Publisher

  • publisher: Name of publisher; may be wikilinked if relevant. Not normally included for periodicals. Corporate designations such as "Ltd", "Inc" or "GmbH" are not usually included. Displays after title; if work is defined, then publisher is enclosed in parentheses.
  • place: Geographical place of publication; generally not wikilinked; omit when the name of the work includes the location; examples: The Boston Globe, The Times of India. Displays after the title; if work is defined, then location is enclosed in parentheses. Alias: location
  • publication-place: If any one of publication-place, place or location are defined, then the location shows after the title; if publication-place and place or location are defined, then place or location are shown before the title prefixed with "written at" and publication-place is shown after the title.
  • publication-date: Date of publication when different from the date the work was written. Displays only if year or date are defined and only if different, else publication-date is used and displayed as date. Use the same format as other dates in the article; do not wikilink. Follows publisher; if work is not defined, then publication-date is preceded by "published" and enclosed in parenthesis.

Edition, volume

  • edition: When the publication has more than one edition; for example: "2nd", "Revised" etc. Displays " ed." after this field, so |edition=2nd produces "2nd ed." Does not display if a periodical field is defined.
  • volume: For one publication published in several volumes. Displays after the title and series fields; displays in bold— if bolding is not desired, then include the volume information in the title field.

In-source locations

  • page: Page in the source that supports the content. Displays preceded with p. unless |nopp=y.
  • OR: pages: Pages in the source that supports the content; separate page ranges with an en dash (–); separate non-sequential pages with a comma (,); do not use to indicate the total number of pages in the source. Displays preceded with pp. unless |nopp=y. Hyphens are automatically converted to en dashes; if hyphens are appropriate, for example: pp. 3-1–3-15, use |at=.
    • nopp: Set to y to suppress the p. or pp. notations where this is inappropriate; for example, where |page=Front cover.
  • OR: at: For sources where a page number is inappropriate or insufficient. Overridden by |page= or |pages=.
    Examples: page (p.) or pages (pp.); section (sec.), column (col.), paragraph (para.); track; hours, minutes and seconds; act, scene, canto, book, part, folio, stanza, back cover, liner notes, indicia, colophon, dust jacket, verse.

URL

  • url: URL of an online location where the text of the publication can be found. Cannot be used if title is wikilinked. If applicable, the link may point to the specific page(s) referenced. Do not link to any commercial booksellers, such as Amazon.com. See: ویکی‌پدیا:شیوه ارجاع به منابع.
    • accessdate: Full date when original URL was accessed; use the same format as other access and archive dates in the citations. Do not wikilink. Not required for web pages or linked documents that do not change; mainly for use of web pages that change frequently or have no publication date. Can be hidden or styled by registered editors.
    • archiveurl: The URL of an archived copy of a web page, if or in case the url becomes unavailable. Typically used to refer to services like WebCite (see: Wikipedia:Using WebCite) and بایگانی اینترنتی (see: Wikipedia:Using the Wayback Machine); requires archivedate.
      • archivedate: Date when the original URL was archived; preceded by default text "archived from the original on". Use the same format as other access and archive dates in the citations. Do not wikilink.
      • deadurl: When the URL is still live, but preemptively archived, then set |deadurl=no. This changes the display order with the title retaining the original link and the archive linked at the end.
    • template doc demo: The archive parameters will be error checked to ensure that all the required parameters are included, or else {{citation error}} is invoked. With errors, main, help and template pages are placed into Category:Articles with incorrect citation syntax. Set |template doc demo=true to disable categorization; mainly used for documentation where the error is demonstrated.
  • format: Format of the work referred to by url; for example: PDF, DOC, or XLS; displayed in parentheses after title. HTML is implied and should not be specified. Does not change the external link icon. Note: External link icons do not include alt text; thus, they do not add format information for the visually impaired.
    URLs must begin with a supported یوآرآی. http:// and https:// will be supported by all browsers; however, ftp://, gopher://, irc://, ircs://, mailto: and news: will require a plug-in or an external application and should normally be avoided. پروتکل اینترنت نسخه ۶ host-names are currently not supported.
    If URLs in citation template parameters contain certain characters, then they will not display and link correctly. Those characters need to be کدبندی درصدی. For example, a space must be replaced by %20. To encode the URL, replace the following characters with:
sp " ' < > [ ] | }
%20 %22 %27 %3c %3e %5b %5d %7c %7d
    Single apostrophes do not need to be encoded; however, unencoded multiples will be parsed as italic or bold markup. Single curly closing braces also do not need to be encoded; however, an unencoded pair will be parsed as the double closing braces for the template transclusion.

Anchor

  • ref: ID for anchor. By default, no anchor is generated. The ordinary nonempty value |ref=ID generates an anchor with the given ID; such a linkable reference can be made the target of wikilinks to full references, especially useful in short citations like shortened notes and parenthetical referencing. The special value |ref=harv generates an anchor suitable for the {{harv}} template. See: Anchors for Harvard referencing templates.

Identifiers

  • id: A unique identifier, used where none of the specialized identifiers are applicable; wikilink or use a template as applicable.

These identifiers create links and are designed to accept a single value. Using multiple values or other text will break the link and/or invalidate the identifier.

Quote

  • quote: Relevant text quoted from the source. Displays enclosed in quotes. When supplied, the citation terminator (a period by default) is suppressed, so the quote needs to include terminating punctuation.

Editors

  • editor-last: Surname of editor. Do not wikilink—use editor-link instead. Where the surname is usually written first—as in Chinese—or for corporate authors, simply use editor-last to include the same format as the source. Aliases: editor1-last, editor, editors.
    • editor-first: Given or first names of editor, including title(s); example: Firstname Middlename or Firstname M. or Dr. Firstname M., Sr. Do not wikilink—use editor-link instead. Aliases: editor1-first.
    • OR: for multiple editors, use editor1-last, editor1-first through editor4-last, editor4-first for up to four editors.
    • editor-link: Title of existing Wikipedia article about the editor—not the editor's website; do not wikilink. Aliases: editor1-link.
    • OR: for multiple editors, use editor1-link through editor4-link.
    Display:
      If authors: Authors are first, followed by the editors and the included work, then the main work.
      If no authors: Editors appear before the included work; a single editor is followed by "ed."; multiple editors are followed by "eds."; more than three editors will be followed by "et al., eds."

Laysummary

  • layurl: URL link to a non-technical summary or review of the source; the URL title is set to "Lay summary". Aliases: laysummary.
    • laysource: Name of the source of the laysummary. Displays in italics and preceded by an endash.
    • laydate: Date of the summary. Displays in parentheses.

Display options

  • author-mask: Replaces the name of the first author with em dashes or text. Set author-mask to a numeric value n to set the dash n em spaces wide; set author-mask to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, "with". You must still include the values for all authors for metadata purposes. Primarily intended for use with bibliography styles where multiple works by a single author are listed sequentially. Do not use in a list generated by {{reflist}}, or similar as there is no control of the order in which references are displayed.
  • author-name-separator: Controls the separator between last and first names; defaults to a comma and space (, ); if the parameter is present, but blank, separator punctuation is set to the default; a space must be encoded as .
  • author-separator: Controls the separator between authors; defaults to a semicolon and space (; ); if the parameter is present, but blank, separator punctuation is set to the default; a space must be encoded as .
  • display-authors: Controls the number of author names that are displayed when a citation is published. To change the displayed number of authors, set display-authors to the desired number. For example, |display-authors=2 will display only the first two authors in a citation. By default, all authors are displayed except when there are nine authors, then the author list in the citation is truncated to eight authors, followed by "et al." This exception mimics the older version of the template for compatibility. If a citation contains nine author names and one wishes all nine author names to display, "et al." may be suppressed by setting |display-authors=9. Aliases: displayauthors.
  • display-editors: Controls the number of editor names that are displayed when a citation is published. To change the displayed number of editors, set display-editors to the desired number. For example, |display-editors=2 will display only the first two editors in a citation. By default, all editors are displayed except when there are four editors, then the editor list in the citation is truncated to three editors, followed by "et al." This exception mimics the older version of the template for compatibility. If a citation contains four editor names and one wishes all four editor names to display, "et al." may be suppressed by setting |display-editors=4. Aliases: displayeditors.
  • lastauthoramp: Switches the separator between the last two names of the author list to space ampersand space ( & ) when set to any value. Example: |lastauthoramp=yes
  • postscript: Controls the closing punctuation for a citation; defaults to a period (.); for no terminating punctuation, specify |postscript=none – leaving |postscript= empty has the same effect but is ambiguous. Ignored if quote is defined.
  • separator: Controls the punctuation used to separate lists of authors, editors, etc. Defaults to a period (.); if the parameter is present, but blank, separator punctuation is set to the default; a space must be encoded as .

Subscription or registration required

These parameters add a link note to the end of the citation:

  • registration: For online sources that require registration, set |registration=yes; superseded by subscription if both are set.
  • subscription: For online sources that require a subscription, set |subscription=yes; supersedes registration if both are set.

TemplateData

این، توضیحاتِ الگوداده است که توسط TemplateWizard، ویرایشگر دیداری و دیگر ابزارها استفاده می‌شود. گزارش خطای ماهیانه برای این الگو را ببینید.

الگوداده Cite news

This template formats a citation to a news article in print, video, audio or web using the provided source information (e.g. author, publication, date) and various formatting options.

پارامترهای الگوویرایش داده‌های الگو

پارامترتوضیحاتنوعوضعیت
URLurl

The URL of the online location where the text of the publication can be found

    رشتهپیشنهادشده
    Source titletitle

    The title of the source page on the website; displays in quotes

      رشتهضروری
      Last namelast last1 author author1 authors

      The surname of the author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink'.

        خطپیشنهادشده
        First namefirst first1

        Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink'.

          خطپیشنهادشده
          Source datedate

          Full date of the source; do not wikilink

            رشتهضروری
            Workwork

            Name of the source periodical; may be wikilinked; displays in italics; alias of 'newspaper', 'journal', 'magazine', 'periodical'

              رشتهپیشنهادشده
              Publisherpublisher

              Name of the publisher; displays after title

                رشتهاختیاری
                Author linkauthorlink authorlink1 author-link author1-link

                Title of existing Wikipedia article about the author; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors

                  نام صفحهاختیاری
                  Last namelast2 author2

                  The surname of the second author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink2'.

                    خطاختیاری
                    First namefirst2

                    Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the second author; don't wikilink.

                      خطاختیاری
                      Author linkauthorlink2 author2-link

                      Title of existing Wikipedia article about the second author. (Up to nine authors can be listed, 3-9 are toward the end of the parameter list)

                        نام صفحهاختیاری
                        Newspapernewspaper

                        Name of the newspaper; displays after title

                          رشتهاختیاری
                          URL access dateaccessdate

                          The full date when the original URL was accessed; do not wikilink

                            رشتهپیشنهادشده
                            Othersothers

                            Used to record other contributions to the work, such as 'Illustrated by John Smith' or 'Translated by John Smith'

                              رشتهاختیاری
                              Month of publicationmonth

                              Name of the month of publication; do not wikilink; use 'date' instead, if day of month is also known

                                رشتهاختیاری
                                Year of publicationyear

                                Year of the source being referenced; use 'date' instead, if month and day are also known

                                  رشتهاختیاری
                                  Original yearorigyear

                                  Original year of publication; provide specifics

                                    رشتهاختیاری
                                    Editor last nameeditor-last

                                    The surname of the editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors; alias of 'editor1-last', 'editor', and 'editors'

                                      خطاختیاری
                                      Editor first nameeditor-first

                                      Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors; alias of 'editor1-first'

                                        خطاختیاری
                                        Editor linkeditor-link

                                        Title of existing Wikipedia article about the editor; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors; alias of 'editor1-link'

                                          نام صفحهاختیاری
                                          Issueissue

                                          Issue identifier when the source is part of a series that is published periodically

                                            رشتهاختیاری
                                            Departmentdepartment

                                            Department within the periodical

                                              رشتهاختیاری
                                              Location of publicationlocation

                                              Geographical place of publication; usually not wikilinked; omit when the publication name includes place; alias of 'place'

                                                رشتهاختیاری
                                                Place of publicationpublication-place

                                                Publication place shows after title; if 'place' or 'location' are also given, they are displayed before the title prefixed with 'written at'

                                                  رشتهاختیاری
                                                  Publication datepublication-date

                                                  Date of publication when different from the date the work was written; do not wikilink

                                                    رشتهاختیاری
                                                    Agencyagency

                                                    The news agency (wire service) that provided the content; examples: Associated Press, Reuters, Agence France-Presse

                                                      رشتهاختیاری
                                                      Editionedition

                                                      When the publication has more than one edition; for example: '2nd', 'Revised' etc.; suffixed with ' ed.'

                                                        رشتهاختیاری
                                                        Volumevolume

                                                        For one publication published in several volumes

                                                          رشتهاختیاری
                                                          Pagepage

                                                          Page in the source that supports the content; displays after 'p.'

                                                            رشتهاختیاری
                                                            Pagespages

                                                            Pages in the source that support the content (not an indication of the number of pages in the source; displays after 'pp.'

                                                              رشتهاختیاری
                                                              No ppnopp

                                                              Set to 'y' to suppress the 'p.' or 'pp.' display with 'page' or 'pages' when inappropriate (such as 'Front cover')

                                                                رشتهاختیاری
                                                                Atat

                                                                May be used instead of 'page' or 'pages' where a page number is inappropriate or insufficient

                                                                  رشتهاختیاری
                                                                  Languagelanguage

                                                                  The language in which the source is written, if not English; use the full language name; do not use icons or templates

                                                                    رشتهاختیاری
                                                                    Translated titletrans_title

                                                                    An English language title, if the source cited is in a foreign language; 'language' is recommended

                                                                      رشتهاختیاری
                                                                      Typetype

                                                                      Additional information about the media type of the source; format in sentence case

                                                                        رشتهاختیاری
                                                                        Formatformat

                                                                        Format of the work referred to by 'url'; examples: PDF, DOC, XLS; do not specify HTML

                                                                          رشتهاختیاری
                                                                          arXiv identifierarxiv

                                                                          An identifier for arXive electronic preprints of scientific papers

                                                                            رشتهاختیاری
                                                                            AZINasin

                                                                            Amazon Standard Identification Number; 10 characters

                                                                              رشتهاختیاری
                                                                              AZIN TLDasin-tld

                                                                              ASIN top-level domain for Amazon sites other than the US

                                                                                رشتهاختیاری
                                                                                Bibcodebibcode

                                                                                Bibliographic Reference Code (REFCODE); 19 characters

                                                                                  رشتهاختیاری
                                                                                  DOIdoi

                                                                                  Digital Object Identifier; begins with '10.'

                                                                                    رشتهاختیاری
                                                                                    DOI broken datedoi_brokendate

                                                                                    The date that the DOI was determined to be broken

                                                                                      رشتهاختیاری
                                                                                      ISBNisbn

                                                                                      International Standard Book Number; use the 13-digit ISBN where possible

                                                                                        رشتهاختیاری
                                                                                        ISSNissn

                                                                                        International Standard Serial Number; 8 characters; may be split into two groups of four using a hyphen

                                                                                          رشتهاختیاری
                                                                                          jfm codejfm

                                                                                          Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik classification code

                                                                                            رشتهاختیاری
                                                                                            JSTORjstor

                                                                                            JSTOR identifier

                                                                                              رشتهاختیاری
                                                                                              LCCNlccn

                                                                                              Library of Congress Control Number

                                                                                                رشتهاختیاری
                                                                                                MRmr

                                                                                                Mathematical Reviews identifier

                                                                                                  رشتهاختیاری
                                                                                                  OCLCoclc

                                                                                                  Online Computer Library Center number

                                                                                                    رشتهاختیاری
                                                                                                    OLol

                                                                                                    Open Library identifier

                                                                                                      رشتهاختیاری
                                                                                                      OSTIosti

                                                                                                      Office of Scientific and Technical Information identifier

                                                                                                        رشتهاختیاری
                                                                                                        PMCpmc

                                                                                                        PubMed Center article number

                                                                                                          رشتهاختیاری
                                                                                                          PMIDpmid

                                                                                                          PubMed Unique Identifier

                                                                                                            رشتهاختیاری
                                                                                                            RFCrfc

                                                                                                            Request for Comments number

                                                                                                              رشتهاختیاری
                                                                                                              SSRNssrn

                                                                                                              Social Science Research Network

                                                                                                                رشتهاختیاری
                                                                                                                Zblzbl

                                                                                                                Zentralblatt MATH journal identifier

                                                                                                                  رشتهاختیاری
                                                                                                                  idid

                                                                                                                  A unique identifier used where none of the specialized ones are applicable

                                                                                                                    رشتهاختیاری
                                                                                                                    Archive URLarchiveurl

                                                                                                                    The URL of an archived copy of a web page, if or in case the URL becomes unavailable; requires 'archivedate'

                                                                                                                      رشتهاختیاری
                                                                                                                      Archive datearchivedate

                                                                                                                      Date when the original URL was archived; do not wikilink

                                                                                                                        رشتهاختیاری
                                                                                                                        Dead URLdeadurl

                                                                                                                        If set to 'no', the title display is adjusted; useful for when the URL is archived preemptively but still live

                                                                                                                          رشتهاختیاری
                                                                                                                          Quotequote

                                                                                                                          Relevant text quoted from the source; displays last, enclosed in quotes; needs to include terminating punctuation

                                                                                                                            رشتهاختیاری
                                                                                                                            Refref

                                                                                                                            An anchor identifier; can be made the target of wikilinks to full references; special value 'harv' generates an anchor suitable for the harv template

                                                                                                                              رشتهاختیاری
                                                                                                                              Separatorseparator

                                                                                                                              The punctuation used to separate lists of authors, editors, etc.; a space must be encoded as do not use an asterisk, colon, or hash mark

                                                                                                                                پیش‌فرض
                                                                                                                                .
                                                                                                                              رشتهاختیاری
                                                                                                                              Postscriptpostscript

                                                                                                                              The closing punctuation for the citation; ignored if 'quote' is defined

                                                                                                                                پیش‌فرض
                                                                                                                                .
                                                                                                                              رشتهاختیاری
                                                                                                                              Lay URLlayurl

                                                                                                                              URL link to a non-technical summary or review of the source; alias of 'laysummary'

                                                                                                                                رشتهاختیاری
                                                                                                                                Lay sourcelaysource

                                                                                                                                Name of the source of the laysummary; displays in italics, preceded by an en dash

                                                                                                                                  رشتهاختیاری
                                                                                                                                  Lay datelaydate

                                                                                                                                  Date of the summary; displays in parentheses

                                                                                                                                    رشتهاختیاری
                                                                                                                                    Last namelast3 author3

                                                                                                                                    The surname of the third author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink3'.

                                                                                                                                      خطاختیاری
                                                                                                                                      First namefirst3

                                                                                                                                      Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the third author; don't wikilink.

                                                                                                                                        خطاختیاری
                                                                                                                                        Author linkauthorlink3 author3-link

                                                                                                                                        Title of existing Wikipedia article about the third author.

                                                                                                                                          نام صفحهاختیاری
                                                                                                                                          Last namelast4 author4

                                                                                                                                          The surname of the forth author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink4'.

                                                                                                                                            خطاختیاری
                                                                                                                                            First namefirst4

                                                                                                                                            Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the forth author; don't wikilink.

                                                                                                                                              خطاختیاری
                                                                                                                                              Author linkauthorlink4 author4-link

                                                                                                                                              Title of existing Wikipedia article about the forth author.

                                                                                                                                                نام صفحهاختیاری
                                                                                                                                                Last namelast5 author5

                                                                                                                                                The surname of the fifth author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink5'.

                                                                                                                                                  خطاختیاری
                                                                                                                                                  First namefirst5

                                                                                                                                                  Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifth author; don't wikilink.

                                                                                                                                                    خطاختیاری
                                                                                                                                                    Author linkauthorlink5 author5-link

                                                                                                                                                    Title of existing Wikipedia article about the sixth author.

                                                                                                                                                      نام صفحهاختیاری
                                                                                                                                                      Last namelast6 author6

                                                                                                                                                      The surname of the sixth author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink6'.

                                                                                                                                                        خطاختیاری
                                                                                                                                                        First namefirst6 author6-link

                                                                                                                                                        Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the sixth author; don't wikilink.

                                                                                                                                                          خطاختیاری
                                                                                                                                                          Author linkauthorlink6

                                                                                                                                                          Title of existing Wikipedia article about the sixth author.

                                                                                                                                                            نام صفحهاختیاری
                                                                                                                                                            Last namelast7 author7

                                                                                                                                                            The surname of the seventh author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink7'.

                                                                                                                                                              خطاختیاری
                                                                                                                                                              First namefirst7

                                                                                                                                                              Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the seventh author; don't wikilink.

                                                                                                                                                                خطاختیاری
                                                                                                                                                                Author linkauthorlink7 author7-link

                                                                                                                                                                Title of existing Wikipedia article about the seventh author.

                                                                                                                                                                  نام صفحهاختیاری
                                                                                                                                                                  Last namelast8 author8

                                                                                                                                                                  The surname of the eighth author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink8'.

                                                                                                                                                                    خطاختیاری
                                                                                                                                                                    First namefirst8

                                                                                                                                                                    Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eighth author; don't wikilink.

                                                                                                                                                                      خطاختیاری
                                                                                                                                                                      Author linkauthorlink8 author8-link

                                                                                                                                                                      Title of existing Wikipedia article about the eighth author.

                                                                                                                                                                        نام صفحهاختیاری
                                                                                                                                                                        Last namelast9 author9

                                                                                                                                                                        The surname of the ninth author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink9'. If nine authors are defined, then only eight will show and 'et al.' will show in place of the last author.

                                                                                                                                                                          خطاختیاری
                                                                                                                                                                          First namefirst9

                                                                                                                                                                          Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the ninth author; don't wikilink.

                                                                                                                                                                            خطاختیاری
                                                                                                                                                                            Author linkauthorlink9 author9-link

                                                                                                                                                                            Title of existing Wikipedia article about the ninth author.

                                                                                                                                                                              نام صفحهاختیاری
                                                                                                                                                                              Author maskauthor-mask

                                                                                                                                                                              Replaces the name of the first author with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, 'with' instead

                                                                                                                                                                                رشتهاختیاری
                                                                                                                                                                                Author name separatorauthor-name-separator

                                                                                                                                                                                Changes the separator between last and first names; defaults to a comma and space; a space must be encoded as do not use an asterisk, colon, or hash mark

                                                                                                                                                                                  پیش‌فرض
                                                                                                                                                                                  ,
                                                                                                                                                                                رشتهاختیاری
                                                                                                                                                                                Author separatorauthor-separator

                                                                                                                                                                                Changes the separator between authors; defaults to a semicolon and space; a space must be encoded as do not use an asterisk, colon, or hash mark

                                                                                                                                                                                  پیش‌فرض
                                                                                                                                                                                  ;
                                                                                                                                                                                رشتهاختیاری
                                                                                                                                                                                Display authorsdisplay-authors displayauthors

                                                                                                                                                                                number of authors to display before 'et al.' is used; default is to do so after 8 of 9 are listed; alias of 'displayauthors'

                                                                                                                                                                                  پیش‌فرض
                                                                                                                                                                                  8
                                                                                                                                                                                شمارهاختیاری
                                                                                                                                                                                Last author ampersandlastauthoramp

                                                                                                                                                                                When set to any value, changes the separator between the last two names of the author list to 'space ampersand space'

                                                                                                                                                                                  رشتهاختیاری

                                                                                                                                                                                  See also

                                                                                                                                                                                  This template produces COinS metadata; see COinS in Wikipedia for background information.


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