Voydan Popgeorgiev – Chernodrinski

His pseudonym is derived from the river Black Drin. Today he is considered an ethnic Macedonian writer in North Macedonia and a figure who laid the foundations of the Macedonian theatre and the dramatic arts.

Voydan Popgeorgiev
Born	Voydan Popgeorgiev Kuzmanov (1875-01-15)January 15, 1875 Selci, Ottoman Empire
Died	January 8, 1951(1951-01-08) (aged 75) Sofia, Bulgaria
Pen name	"Chernodrinski"
Occupation	playwright
Citizenship	Ottoman/Bulgarian
Genre	drama
Notable works	Macedonian Blood Wedding

Chernodrinski was born in 1875 in the village of Selci, then in the Ottoman Empire. He studied in Ohrid and at Bulgarian Men's High School of Thessaloniki, but moved with his family in 1890 in Bulgaria, where he graduated from the First Male High School in Sofia. There he became a member of the Young Macedonian Literary Association. Later Chernodrinski studied law in Austro-Hungary and Switzerland, but failed to graduate and moved back to Ottoman Macedonia, where he worked as a Bulgarian teacher.

Afterwards he returned to Bulgaria and became a head of the traveling troupe "Grief and comfort" (Bulgarian: Скръб и утеха), founded in 1901 and renamed in 1902 as "Macedonian Capital Theater" (Bulgarian: Столичен македонски театър). In Sofia, he wrote the most famous of his works, the play Macedonian Bloody Wedding. Chernodrinski reworked it later to give the plot and the libretto for the famous opera "Tsveta" by maestro Georgi Atanasov.

After the Young Turk Revolution in 1908 Chernodrinski moved with his traveling troupe back to Ottoman Macedonia. He was invited there by the Bulgarian Constitutional Clubs with the support of Peyo Yavorov and assisted by the Bulgarian National Theater. During the Balkan Wars, he was mobilized into the Bulgarian Army.

During World War I, he served as a Bulgarian officer and created the "Soldier Songs" cycle. After the war, he continued with his theatrical activities in Bulgaria. Towards the end of 1922, he formed a new drama theater under the name "Ilinden". In the mid-1930s, Aleksandar Shoumenoff, the owner of the First Bulgarian Book Store in Granite City, published part of the Chernodrinski's works. The text wasn't translated into English but his works and plays became popular among Macedono-Bulgarian emigration. At this time Chernodrinski sympathized with IMRO leader Ivan Mihaylov. During World War II and the subsequent Bulgarian occupation of Vardar Macedonia, Chernodrinski and his troupe organized performances there. After WWII and the coming of the communists to power, he completely ceased his activities.

He died in Sofia in 1951.

After the death of Chernodrinski, in the newly found SR Macedonia, he was proclaimed as a Macedonian writer, who had laid the foundations of the Macedonian theater. His play Macedonian Bloody Wedding was translated into the codified Macedonian language.

A commemorative plaque was set on his home in Sofia.

Besides the Macedonian Bloody Wedding written primarily in the Debar dialect, Chernodrinski published several other literary works, all in standard Bulgarian, including:

• The woodcutters (Дърварите) (1895)
• In the barroom (В механата) (1895)
• Macedonian emigration (Македонска емиграция) (1897)
• Of the head we suffer (От главата си патиме) (1902)
• The slave and the agha (Робът и агата) (1902)
• Evil for evil (Зло за зло) (1903)
• Skilled workers (Майстори) (1903)
• The spirit of the freedom (Духът на свободата) (1909)
• On the river (На реката) (1921)
• On New Year (На Нова година) (1921)
• Tzar Pir (Царъ Пиръ) (1921)
• The storms near Vardar (Бурите на Вардар) (1925)
• Tsveta the duchess (Цвета войводката) (1929)
• Slav Dragota (Слав Драгота) (1930)