Spacex Dragon 2

SpaceX also launches private missions, such as Inspiration4 and Axiom Space Missions. There are two variants of the Dragon spacecraft: Crew Dragon, a spacecraft capable of ferrying four crewmembers, and Cargo Dragon, a replacement for the original Dragon 1 used to carry freight to and from space. The spacecraft consists of a reusable space capsule and an expendable trunk module. The spacecraft launches atop a Falcon 9 Block 5 rocket and the capsule returns to Earth through splashdown.

Dragon 2

Crew Dragon approaching the ISS in March 2019 during Demo-1
Manufacturer	SpaceX
Country of origin	United States
Operator	SpaceX
Applications	ISS crew and cargo transport; private astronaut transport
Website	spacex.com/vehicles/dragon
Specifications
Launch mass	12,519 kg (27,600 lb) in-orbit mass at the time of undock from ISS. The reentry capsule weighs 9,616 kg (21,200 lb) including crew + 150 kg (330 lb) payload (Crew Dragon Demo-2)
Dry mass	7,700 kg (17,000 lb) (reentry capsule only)
Payload capacity	6,000 kg (13,000 lb) to orbit 3,307 kg (7,291 lb) to ISS (up to 2,507 kg (5,527 lb) pressurized and up to 800 kg (1,800 lb) unpressurized) 2,507 kg (5,527 lb) return cargo 800 kg (1,800 lb) disposed cargo
Crew capacity	4
Dimensions	Diameter: 4 m (13 ft) Height: 8.1 m (27 ft) (with trunk) Sidewall angle: 15°
Volume	9.3 m3 (330 cu ft) pressurized 12.1 m3 (430 cu ft) unpressurized 37 m3 (1,300 cu ft) unpressurized with extended trunk
Equipment	Crews and pressurized as well as unpressurized logistics
Regime	LEO
Design life	10 days (free flight) 210 days (docked to ISS)[better source needed]
Production
Status	Active
Built	9 (4 crew, 3 cargo, 1 ECLSS, 1 retired) 1 under construction (crew)
Launched	10 cargo, 13 crew (+2 suborbital)
Operational	Yes
Retired	1 (prototype)
Lost	1 (in testing)
Maiden launch	2 March 2019 (uncrewed test) 30 May 2020 (crewed) 6 December 2020 (cargo)
Related spacecraft
Derived from	SpaceX Dragon (23 cargo missions)
Engine details
Powered by	8 SuperDraco thrusters as launch escape system (LES) (Crew Dragon only) 18 Draco thrusters for in-space maneuvering
Maximum thrust	18 × 400 N (90 lbf) (Draco)
Specific impulse	300s (vacuum)(Draco)
Propellant	2,562 kg (5,648 lb) NTO / MMH propellant
← SpaceX Dragon 1

Cargo Dragon supplies cargo to the ISS under a Commercial Resupply Services-2 contract with NASA. The first flight of Dragon 2 in a cargo configuration launched in December 2020. It shares this duty with Northrop Grumman's Cygnus spacecraft, and Sierra Nevada Corporation's Dream Chaser spaceplane is expected to join them in 2024. As of July 2023, it is the only reusable orbital cargo spacecraft in operation.

As of July 2023, Crew Dragon is the only U.S. human-rated orbital transport spacecraft. Crew Dragon's primary role is to transport crews to and from the ISS under NASA's Commercial Crew Program, succeeding the crew orbital transportation capabilities of the Space Shuttle, which retired from service in 2011. It will be joined by Boeing Starliner in this role in 2025. Crew Dragon is also used for commercial flights, some of them to the ISS, and is expected to be used to shuttle people to and from Axiom Space's planned space station.

There are two variants of Dragon 2: Crew Dragon and Cargo Dragon. Crew Dragon was initially called "DragonRider" and it was intended from the beginning to support a crew of seven or a combination of crew and cargo. Earlier spacecraft had a berthing port and were berthed to ISS by ISS personnel. Dragon 2 instead has an IDSS-compatible docking port to dock to the International Docking Adapter ports on ISS. It is able to perform fully autonomous rendezvous and docking with manual override ability. For typical missions, Crew Dragon will remain docked to the ISS for a nominal period of 180 days, but is designed to remain on the station for up to 210 days, matching the Russian Soyuz spacecraft. SpaceX uses the Falcon 9 Block 5 launch vehicle to launch Dragon 2.

Crew Dragon incorporates an integrated pusher launch escape system consisting of eight SuperDraco engines, capable of accelerating the capsule away from the launch vehicle in an emergency. SpaceX originally intended to use the SuperDraco engines to land Crew Dragon on land, with parachutes and an ocean splashdown employed only in the case of an aborted launch. Precision water landing under parachutes was proposed to NASA as "the baseline return and recovery approach for the first few flights" of Crew Dragon. Propulsive landing was later cancelled, leaving ocean splashdown under parachutes as the only option.

In 2012, SpaceX was in talks with Orbital Outfitters about developing space suits to wear during launch and re-entry. Each crew member wears a custom space suit fitted for them. The suit is primarily designed for use inside the Dragon (IVA type suit): however, in the case of a rapid cabin depressurization, the suit can protect the crew members. The suit can also provide cooling for astronauts during normal flight. For the Demo-1 mission, a test dummy nicknamed Ripley was fitted with the spacesuit and sensors. The spacesuit is made from Nomex, a fire retardant fabric similar to Kevlar.

The spacecraft's design was unveiled on 29 May 2014, during a press event at SpaceX headquarters in Hawthorne, California. In October 2014, NASA selected the Dragon spacecraft as one of the candidates to fly American astronauts to the International Space Station, under the Commercial Crew Program. In March 2022, SpaceX President Gwynne Shotwell told Reuters that "We are finishing our final (capsule), but we still are manufacturing components, because we'll be refurbishing". SpaceX later decided to build a fifth Crew Dragon capsule, to be available by 2024. SpaceX also manufactures a new expendable trunk for each flight.

SpaceX's CCtCap contract values each seat on a Crew Dragon flight to be around US$88 million, while the face value of each seat has been estimated by NASA's Office of Inspector General (OIG) to be around US$55 million. This contrasts with the 2014 Soyuz launch price of US$76 million per seat for NASA astronauts. In case of private astronauts riding on Crew Dragon, SpaceX gives them Crew Dragon Astronaut Wings.^{[better source needed]}

Although Dragon 2 was intended from the earliest design concept to carry crew, or with fewer seats, both crew and cargo, a second round of multi-year cargo supply contracts (also known as CRS-2) was solicited by NASA in 2014, to supply the ISS in 2020–2024. This led to SpaceX proposing a separately-named model, Cargo Dragon, for this mission. SpaceX won a contract award for Cargo Dragon as a result of the CRS-2 bid competition, with contracts awarded in January 2016 for six flights.

Cargo Dragon has now completed 9 successful missions to and from the international space station, with 6 more planned.

Cargo Dragons are different from the crewed variant by launching without seats, cockpit controls, astronaut life support systems, or SuperDraco abort engines. Cargo Dragon improves on many aspects of the original Dragon design, including the recovery and refurbishment process.

 

 

Dragon 2 includes the following features:

A Dragon 2 spacecraft consists of a capsule and a trunk. While a new trunk is expended on each mission, the capsule is reusable. After earlier plans of SpaceX to use new capsules for every crewed flight for NASA both agreed to reuse Crew Dragon capsules for NASA flights. In 2022, SpaceX stated that a capsule can be reused up to fifteen times. Cargo Dragon can carry 3,307 kg (7,291 lb) to the ISS. Crew Dragon has a capacity of four astronauts. Above the seats, there is a three-screen control panel, a toilet (with privacy curtain), and the docking hatch. Ocean landings are accomplished with four main parachutes in both variants. The parachute system was fully redesigned from the one used in the prior Dragon capsule, due to the need to deploy the parachutes under a variety of launch abort scenarios.

Crew Dragon has eight side-mounted SuperDraco engines, clustered in redundant pairs in four engine pods, with each engine able to produce 71 kN (16,000 lb_f) of thrust to be used for launch aborts. Each pod also contains four Draco thrusters that can be used for attitude control and orbital maneuvers. The SuperDraco engine combustion chamber is printed of Inconel, an alloy of nickel and iron, using a process of direct metal laser sintering. Engines are contained in a protective nacelle to prevent fault propagation if an engine fails.

Once in orbit, Dragon 2 is able to autonomously dock to the ISS. Dragon 1 was berthed using the Canadarm2 robotic arm, requiring substantially more involvement from ISS crew. Pilots of Crew Dragon retain the ability to dock the spacecraft using manual controls interfaced with a static tablet-like computer. The spacecraft can be operated in full vacuum, and "the crew will wear SpaceX-designed space suits to protect them from a rapid cabin depressurization emergency event". Also, the spacecraft will be able to return safely if a leak occurs "of up to an equivalent orifice of 6.35 mm [0.25 in] in diameter".

 

Propellant and helium pressurant for both launch aborts and on-orbit maneuvering is contained in composite-carbon-overwrap titanium spherical tanks. A PICA-X heat shield protects the capsule during reentry. A reusable nose cone "protects the vessel and the docking adaptor during ascent and reentry", pivoting on a hinge to enable in-space docking and returning to the covered position for reentry and future launches.

Dragon 2 uses a total of six parachutes to decelerate itself after atmospheric entry and before splashdown, compared to the five used by Dragon 1. As previously, the parachute compartments are located on the front of the capsule. Development of propulsive landing systems for Crew Dragon, using the same engines as the launch escape system, were abandoned in 2017. SpaceX was required by NASA to add an additional main parachute by default as a safety measure, after a Dragon 1 suffered a parachute malfunction. The company also improved on the design of the parachutes used on Dragon 1, developing new parachutes twice before being certified to fly with crew.

 

The trunk is the third structural element of the spacecraft, containing solar panels, heat-removal radiators, and fins to provide aerodynamic stability during emergency aborts.

The previous Cargo Dragon's deployable solar arrays have been eliminated and are now built into the trunk itself. This increases volume space, reduces the number of mechanisms on the vehicle and further increases reliability.

Announced on 29 August 2021 during the CRS-23 launch is a new feature called Extend-the-Lab installed in the Cargo Dragon. "Our new Cargo Dragon vehicle is also able to act as a laboratory in the advancement of science and research. We call this capability Extend-the-Lab. It allows some powered payloads to remain on Dragon for experimentation during the duration of the mission. This is especially helpful when there is limited to no space on station for additional science. And it also helps cut down the amount of time the crew has to move payloads in and out of Dragon. For CRS-23 there are 3 Extend-the-Lab payloads launching with the mission, and once docked, a 4th which is currently already on the space station will be added to Dragon".

For Crew Dragon missions not involving docking, the capsule docking adapter which is normally used to dock with the International Space Station can be replaced by a domed plexiglass window. This provides panoramic views of space and the Earth like the Cupola Module on the ISS to provide interest and make up space left after removal of the docking adapter during flight. The dome's first use was on the Inspiration4 flight.

 

Crew Dragon is used by both commercial and government customers. Axiom launches commercial astronauts to the ISS and intends to eventually launch to their own private space station. NASA flights to the ISS have four astronauts, with the added payload mass and volume used to carry pressurised cargo.

On 16 September 2014, NASA announced that SpaceX and Boeing had been selected to provide crew transportation to the ISS. SpaceX was to receive up to US$2.6 billion under this contract, to provide development test flights, and up to six operational flights. Dragon was the less expensive proposal, but NASA's William H. Gerstenmaier considered the Boeing Starliner proposal the stronger of the two. However, Crew Dragon's first operational flight, SpaceX Crew-1, was on 16 November 2020 after several test flights while Starliner suffered multiple problems and delays, with its first operational flight slipping to no earlier than early 2025.

In a departure from the prior NASA practice, where construction contracts with commercial firms led to direct NASA operation of the spacecraft, NASA is purchasing space transport services from SpaceX, including construction, launch, and operation of the Dragon 2.

In August 2018, NASA and SpaceX agreed on the loading procedures for propellants, vehicle fluids and crew. High-pressure helium will be loaded first, followed by the passengers approximately two hours prior to scheduled launch; the ground crew will then depart the launch pad and move to a safe distance. The launch escape system will be activated approximately 40 minutes prior to launch, with propellant loading commencing several minutes later.

The first automated test mission launched to the International Space Station (ISS) on 2 March 2019. After schedule slips, the first crewed flight launched on 30 May 2020 with the launch of the Demo-2 mission.

In June 2019, Bigelow Aerospace announced it had reserved with SpaceX up to four missions of four passengers each to ISS as early as 2020 and planned to sell them for around US$52 million per seat. These plans were cancelled by September 2019.

Space Adventures contracted SpaceX for a five-day high elliptic orbit space tourism mission with a Crew Dragon in 2022. In October 2021, Space Adventures stated that the contract had expired and would not be executed, but left open the possibility of a partnership with SpaceX in the future.

SpaceX planned a series of four flight tests for the Crew Dragon: a "pad abort" test, an uncrewed orbital flight to the ISS, an in-flight abort test, and finally a 14-day crewed demonstration mission to the ISS, which was initially planned for July 2019, but after a Dragon capsule explosion, was delayed to May 2020.

Pad abort and hover tests

 

The pad abort test was conducted successfully on 6 May 2015 at SpaceX's leased SLC-40. Dragon landed safely in the ocean to the east of the launchpad 99 seconds after ignition of the SuperDraco engines. While a flight-like Dragon 2 and trunk were used for the pad abort test, they rested atop a truss structure for the test rather than a full Falcon 9 rocket. A crash test dummy embedded with a suite of sensors was placed inside the test vehicle to record acceleration loads and forces at the crew seat, while the remaining six seats were loaded with weights to simulate full-passenger-load weight. The test objective was to demonstrate sufficient total impulse, thrust and controllability to conduct a safe pad abort. A fuel mixture ratio issue was detected after the flight in one of the eight SuperDraco engines causing it to under perform, but did not materially affect the flight.

On 24 November 2015, SpaceX conducted a test of Dragon 2's hovering abilities at the firm's rocket development facility in McGregor, Texas. In a video, the spacecraft is shown suspended by a hoisting cable and igniting its SuperDraco engines to hover for about 5 seconds, balancing on its 8 engines firing at reduced thrust to compensate exactly for gravity. The test vehicle was the same capsule that performed the pad abort test earlier in 2015; it was nicknamed DragonFly.

Demo-1: Orbital flight test

 

In 2015, NASA named its first Commercial Crew astronaut cadre of four veteran astronauts to work with SpaceX and Boeing – Robert Behnken, Eric Boe, Sunita Williams, and Douglas Hurley. The Demo-1 mission completed the last milestone of the Commercial Crew Development program, paving the way to starting commercial services under an upcoming ISS Crew Transportation Services contract. On 3 August 2018, NASA announced the crew for the DM-2 mission. The crew of two consisted of NASA astronauts Bob Behnken and Doug Hurley. Behnken previously flew as mission specialist on the STS-123 and the STS-130 missions. Hurley previously flew as a pilot on the STS-127 mission and on the final Space Shuttle mission, the STS-135 mission.

The first orbital test of Crew Dragon was an uncrewed mission, commonly designated "Demo-1" and launched on 2 March 2019. The spacecraft tested the approach and automated docking procedures with the ISS, remained docked until 8 March 2019, then conducted the full re-entry, splashdown and recovery steps to qualify for a crewed mission. Life-support systems were monitored all along the test flight. The same capsule was planned to be re-used in June 2019 for an in-flight abort test before it exploded on 20 April 2019.

Explosion during testing

On 20 April 2019, the Crew Dragon capsule used in the Demo-1 mission was destroyed in an explosion during static fire testing at the Landing Zone 1 facility. On the day of the explosion, the initial testing of the Crew Dragon's Draco thrusters was successful, with the anomaly occurring during the test of the SuperDraco abort system.

Telemetry, high-speed camera footage, and analysis of recovered debris indicate the problem occurred when a small amount of dinitrogen tetroxide leaked into a helium line used to pressurize the propellant tanks. The leakage apparently occurred during pre-test processing. As a result, the pressurization of the system 100 ms before firing damaged a check valve and resulted in the explosion.

Since the destroyed capsule had been slated for use in the upcoming in-flight abort test, the explosion and investigation delayed that test and the subsequent crewed orbital test.

The SuperDraco engine test that failed on 20 April 2019 was repeated successfully on 13 November 2019, on Crew Dragon C205. The full duration static fire test of Crew Dragon's launch escape system took place at Cape Canaveral Space Force Station at SpaceX's Landing Zone 1 at 20:08 UTC. The test was successful, showing that the modifications made to the vehicle to prevent a failure like the one that happened 20 April 2019 were successful. The vehicle used for this ground test would also be used for the following in-flight abort test.

Some of the modifications are:

• Replacement of the valves with burst discs: Unlike valves, burst discs are designed for single use.
• Addition of flaps on each SuperDraco in order to reseal the thrusters prior to splashdown in the ocean, preventing water intrusion.

In-flight abort test

 

The Crew Dragon in-flight abort test was launched on 19 January 2020 at 15:30 UTC from LC-39A on a suborbital trajectory to conduct a separation and abort scenario in the troposphere at transonic velocities shortly after passing through max Q, where the vehicle experiences maximum aerodynamic pressure. The Dragon 2 used its SuperDraco abort engines to push itself away from the Falcon 9 after an intentional premature engine cutoff, after which the Falcon was destroyed by aerodynamic forces. The Dragon followed its suborbital trajectory to apogee, at which point the spacecraft's trunk was jettisoned. The smaller Draco engines were then used to orient the vehicle for the descent. All major functions were executed, including separation, engine firings, parachute deployment, and landing. Dragon 2 splashed down at 15:38:54 UTC just off the Florida coast in the Atlantic Ocean. The test objective was to demonstrate the ability to safely move away from the ascending rocket under the most challenging atmospheric conditions of the flight trajectory, imposing the worst structural stress of a real flight on the rocket and spacecraft. The abort test was performed using a Falcon 9 Block 5 rocket with a fully fueled second stage with a mass simulator replacing the Merlin engine.

Earlier, this test had been scheduled before the uncrewed orbital test, however, SpaceX and NASA considered it safer to use a flight representative capsule rather than the test article from the pad abort test.

This test was previously planned to use the capsule C204 from Demo-1, however, C204 was destroyed in an explosion during a static fire testing on 20 April 2019. Capsule C205, originally planned for Demo-2 was used for the In-Flight Abort Test with C206 being planned for use during Demo-2. This was the final flight test of the spacecraft before it began carrying astronauts to the International Space Station under NASA's Commercial Crew Program.

Prior to the flight test, teams completed launch day procedures for the first crewed flight test, from suit-up to launch pad operations. The joint teams conducted full data reviews that needed to be completed prior to NASA astronauts flying on the system during SpaceX's Demo-2 mission.

Demo-2: crewed orbital flight test

 

On 17 April 2020, NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine announced the first crewed Crew Dragon Demo-2 to the International Space Station would launch on 27 May 2020. Astronauts Bob Behnken and Doug Hurley crewed the mission, marking the first crewed launch to the International Space Station from U.S. soil since STS-135 in July 2011. The original launch was postponed to 30 May 2020 due to weather conditions at the launch site. The second launch attempt was successful, with capsule C206, later named Endeavour by the crew, launching on 30 May 2020 19:22 UTC. The capsule successfully docked with the International Space Station on 31 May 2020 at 14:27 UTC. On 2 August 2020, Crew Dragon undocked and splashed-down successfully in the Atlantic Ocean. Launching in the Dragon 2 spacecraft was described by astronaut Bob Behnken as "smooth off the pad" but "we were definitely driving and riding a dragon all the way up ... a little bit less g's [than the Space Shuttle] but more 'alive' is probably the best way I would describe it".

 

Regarding descent in the spacecraft, Behnken stated, "Once we descended a little bit into the atmosphere, Dragon really came alive. It started to fire thrusters and keep us pointed in the appropriate direction. The atmosphere starts to make noise—you can hear that rumble outside the vehicle. And as the vehicle tries to control, you feel a little bit of that shimmy in your body. ... We could feel those small rolls and pitches and yaws—all those little motions were things we picked up on inside the vehicle. ... All the separation events, from the trunk separation through the parachute firings, were very much like getting hit in the back of the chair with a baseball bat ... pretty light for the trunk separation but with the parachutes it was a pretty significant jolt".

List includes only completed or currently manifested missions. Launch dates are listed in UTC.

Crew Dragon flights

NET means 'no earlier than'. All dates are with respect to the launch point time zone, US Eastern Time Zone .

Mission and Patch	Capsule	Launch date	Landing date	Description	Crew	Outcome
Test flights
Pad Abort Test (patch)	C201 DragonFly	6 May 2015	6 May 2015	Pad Abort Test, Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Florida.	—	Success
Demo-1 (patch)	C204	2 March 2019	8 March 2019	Uncrewed orbital test flight; docked to ISS 3 March 2019, 08:50 UTC; departed 8 March 2019, 05:32 UTC.	—	Success
In-Flight Abort Test (patch)	C205.1	19 January 2020	19 January 2020	Used the capsule originally planned for Demo-2.	—	Success
Demo-2	C206.1 Endeavour	30 May 2020	2 August 2020	First crewed flight test of Dragon 2. The mission was extended from two weeks to nine, in order to allow the crew to bolster activity on the ISS ahead of Crew-1, including partaking in four spacewalks.	Douglas Hurley   Robert Behnken	Success
Operational flights
Crew-1	C207.1 Resilience	16 November 2020	2 May 2021	First operational Commercial Crew flight, flying four astronauts to the ISS for a six-month mission. Roscosmos had not yet certified the Crew Dragon vehicle, so a third NASA astronaut was added instead of a Russian cosmonaut. Broke the record for the longest spaceflight by a U.S. crew vehicle, previously held by the Skylab 4 mission.	Michael Hopkins   Victor Glover   Soichi Noguchi   Shannon Walker	Success
Crew-2	C206.2 ♺ Endeavour	23 April 2021	9 November 2021	Second operational Commercial Crew flight, transferring crew to the ISS for a six-month mission. NASA agreed to allow SpaceX to reuse a booster and capsule for the first time on this flight. Crew includes the first ESA astronaut to fly on Crew Dragon, mission specialist Thomas Pesquet. After spending almost 200 days in orbit, the Crew Dragon Endeavour set the record for the longest spaceflight by a U.S. crew vehicle previously set by her sibling Crew Dragon Resilience on May 2, 2021.	R. Shane Kimbrough   K. Megan McArthur   Akihiko Hoshide   Thomas Pesquet	Success
Inspiration4 (patch 1 and 2)	C207.2 ♺ Resilience	16 September 2021	18 September 2021	The first all-civilian mission to orbit. The flight reached a 585 km orbit and the crew conducted science and medical experiments and public outreach activities for 3 days. First standalone orbital Crew Dragon flight, and the first flight with the cupola.	Jared Isaacman   Sian Proctor   Hayley Arceneaux   Christopher Sembroski	Success
Crew-3	C210.1 Endurance	11 November 2021	6 May 2022	Third operational Commercial Crew flight, transporting four astronauts to the ISS for a six-month mission.	Raja Chari   Thomas Marshburn   Matthias Maurer   Kayla Barron	Success
Axiom-1 (patch)	C206.3 ♺ Endeavour	8 April 2022	25 April 2022	First Crew Dragon flight contracted by Axiom Space. First fully private flight to the ISS, carrying Michael López-Alegría as Axiom professional astronaut, Eytan Stibbe to conduct educational experiments for a 10-day trip, Larry Connor and Mark Pathy.	/  Michael López-Alegría   Larry Connor   Eytan Stibbe   Mark Pathy	Success
Crew-4	C212.1 Freedom	27 April 2022	14 October 2022	The fourth flight contracted under CCP contract.	Kjell Lindgren   Bob Hines   Samantha Cristoforetti   Jessica Watkins	Success
Crew-5	C210.2 ♺ Endurance	5 October 2022	12 March 2023	The fifth flight contracted under CCP contract. The fourth astronaut is Russian cosmonaut Anna Kikina, flying on this mission as a part of Dragon–Soyuz swap flights that ensure that both countries have a presence on the station, and the ability to maintain their separate systems, if either Soyuz or commercial crew vehicles are grounded for an extended period.	Nicole Aunapu Mann   Josh Cassada   Koichi Wakata   Anna Kikina	Success
Crew-6	C206.4 ♺ Endeavour	2 March 2023	4 September 2023	The sixth flight contracted under CCP contract.	Stephen Bowen   Warren Hoburg   Sultan Al Neyadi   Andrey Fedyaev	Success
Axiom-2 (patch)	C212.2 ♺ Freedom	21 May 2023	31 May 2023	Second Crew Dragon flight contracted by Axiom Space. Second fully private flight to the ISS, carrying Peggy Whitson as Axiom professional astronaut. On 22 September 2022, Axiom Space partnered with the Saudi Space Commission to send two Saudi astronauts to research cancer, cloud seeding, and microgravity in space. This mission included the first female Saudi astronaut to space.	Peggy Whitson   John Shoffner   Ali AlQarni   Rayyanah Barnawi	Success
Crew-7	C210.3 ♺ Endurance	26 August 2023	12 March 2024	In late 2021, NASA contracted SpaceX for three more Commercial Crew Flights starting from Crew-7.	Jasmin Moghbeli   Andreas Mogensen   Satoshi Furukawa   Konstantin Borisov	Success
Axiom-3 (patch)	C212.3 ♺ Freedom	18 January 2024	9 February 2024	Third Crew Dragon flight contracted by Axiom Space. This mission flew the first Turkish astronaut.	/  Michael López-Alegría   Walter Villadei   Alper Gezeravcı   Marcus Wandt	Success
Crew-8	C206.5 ♺ Endeavour	4 March 2024	Late 2024	In late 2021, NASA contracted SpaceX for three more Commercial Crew Flights starting from Crew-7.SpaceX sent the 50th astronaut on this Crew Dragon launch.	Matthew Dominick   Michael Barratt   Jeanette Epps   Alexander Grebenkin	Docked to the ISS
Polaris Dawn (patch)	C207.3 ♺ Resilience	NET Q3 2024	NET Q3 2024	First of planned three flights of Polaris Program by Jared Isaacman. First private flight to include spacewalk. Aimed to fly "farther than any other human spaceflight in 50 years".	Jared Isaacman   Scott Poteet   Sarah Gillis   Anna Menon	Planned
Crew-9	TBA	NET August 2024	Early 2025	In late 2021, NASA contracted SpaceX for three more Commercial Crew Flights starting from Crew-7.	Zena Cardman   Nick Hague   Stephanie Wilson   Aleksandr Gorbunov	Planned
Axiom-4	TBA	NET October 2024	NET October 2024	Fourth Crew Dragon flight contracted by Axiom Space.	TBA TBA TBA TBA	Planned
Second Polaris program flight	TBA	TBD	TBD	Second of planned three flights of Polaris Program. Last flight of the Polaris Program using Crew Dragon before planning to use Starship for the next flight.	TBA	Planned
Vast-1	TBA	NET August 2025	TBD	Servicing of Haven-1 Space Station	TBA TBA TBA TBA	Planned
Crew-10	TBA	NET Early 2025	TBA	In May 2022, NASA contracted SpaceX for five more Commercial Crew Flights starting from Crew-10.	TBA   TBA  /  TBA TBA	Planned
Crew-11 to Crew-14	TBA	TBA	TBA	In May 2022, NASA contracted SpaceX for five more Commercial Crew Flights starting from Crew-10.	TBA	Planned

Cargo Dragon flights

Mission	Patch	Capsule	Launch date	Landing date	Description	Outcome
CRS-21		C208.1	6 December 2020	14 January 2021	First SpaceX mission performed under the CRS-2 contract with NASA and the first flight of Cargo Dragon 2. Delivered the Nanoracks Bishop Airlock module to the ISS along with 2,900 kg (6,400 lb) of cargo.	Success
CRS-22		C209.1	3 June 2021	10 July 2021	Second Cargo Dragon 2 flight to the ISS; has delivered solar arrays iROSA 1 and iROSA 2	Success
CRS-23		C208.2 ♺	29 August 2021, 07:14 UTC	1 October 2021	Third Cargo Dragon 2 flight to the ISS	Success
CRS-24		C209.2 ♺	21 December 2021, 10:07 UTC	24 January 2022	Fourth Cargo Dragon 2 flight to the ISS	Success
CRS-25		C208.3 ♺	15 July 2022, 00:44 UTC	20 August 2022	Fifth Cargo Dragon 2 flight to the ISS	Success
CRS-26		C211.1	26 November 2022, 19:20:42 UTC	11 January 2023	Sixth Cargo Dragon 2 flight to the ISS; delivered iROSA 3 and iROSA 4.	Success
CRS-27		C209.3 ♺	15 March 2023, 00:30	15 April 2023	Seventh Cargo Dragon 2 flight to the ISS	Success
CRS-28		C208.4 ♺	5 June 2023, 15:47	30 June 2023	Eighth Cargo Dragon 2 flight to the ISS; delivered iROSA 5 and iROSA 6 Dragon 2 fleet's 1,324 days in orbit surpassed the Space Shuttle. 38th Dragon 1/2 mission to ISS exceeded Shuttle's 37.	Success
CRS-29		C211.2 ♺	10 November 2023, 01:28	22 December 2023	Ninth Cargo Dragon 2 flight to the ISS	Success
CRS-30		C209.4 ♺	21 March 2024		Tenth Cargo Dragon 2 flight to the ISS First Dragon 2 launch from SLC-40	Docked to the ISS
CRS-31		C208.5 ♺	June 2024 (planned)		Eleventh Cargo Dragon 2 flight to the ISS	Planned
CRS-32		TBA	October 2024 (planned)		Twelfth Cargo Dragon 2 flight to the ISS	Planned
CRS-33		TBA	2025 (planned)		Thirteenth Cargo Dragon 2 flight to the ISS	Planned
CRS-34		TBA	2026 (planned)		Fourteenth Cargo Dragon 2 flight to the ISS	Planned
CRS-35		TBA	2026 (planned)		Fifteenth Cargo Dragon 2 flight to the ISS	Planned

NASA has ordered six additional flights, CRS-30 to CRS-35, to resupply the ISS through 2026.

Timeline

Crew Dragon has flown eight operational CCP missions and six other missions. Cargo Dragon has flown ten missions.

• Comparison of crewed space vehicles
• Comparison of space station cargo vehicles
• List of crewed spacecraft
• Private spaceflight – Spaceflight not paid for by a government agency